煤气化灰渣是在煤气化过程中产生的固定碳含量较高的煤化工固体废弃物，目前，煤气化灰渣主要以堆积填埋方式处理为主。这不仅增加了企业的处理和运输成本，同时，造成了土地资源与能源的极大浪费，以及水体、土壤等严重污染。因此，突破煤气化灰渣高效分离与高值化利用的瓶颈，同时也将促进煤化工清洁绿色发展。本文以宁东能源化工基地水煤浆气化细渣（CWSFS）和干煤粉气化细渣（DCFS）为研究对象，通过湿法筛分分级，采用工业分析、XRF、XRD、BET、SEM等手段，探讨煤气化细渣粒度组成与结构特征的关系，提出了煤气化细渣的分类方法；采用粉碎-气流分级联合技术，开展了水煤浆气化细渣与干煤粉气化细渣的干法分离研究。探究了气化细渣的粉碎方法对气流分级分离效果的影响规律特性；基于上述结果，阐明了气化细渣的粉碎-涡轮式气流分级分离机制。研究结果对于指导宁东能源化工基地煤气化灰渣的分质高值化利用具有重要的理论与应用价值。主要研究结果如下：

（1）利用湿法筛分结合XRD、SEM等分析方法，研究了气化细渣的粒度特性及组成结构特征。结果表明，气化细渣的固定碳含量、灰组成、微观形貌、孔隙结构等与粒度分布均存在相关性。不同粒级CWSFS组分的固定碳含量随粒级增大而增加，不同粒级DCFS组分的固定碳含量与烧失量随着粒级的增大先升高后降低，残炭颗粒随粒度的增加呈现富集的趋势。根据气化细渣的组成特性，以固定碳含量为分类指标，将气化细渣分类为高炭组分（＞60%）、中炭组分（40~60%）和低炭组分（＜20%）不同类型的组分具有不同的组成结构特征。

（2）采用圆盘粉碎-涡轮式气流分级联合分离技术，研究了圆盘粉碎参数变化对气化细渣涡轮式气流分级效果的影响规律。结果表明，未经圆盘粉碎的CWSFS原样分级后可分离为高炭产品和中炭产品，而经圆盘粉碎后各分级产品的固定碳含量均在中炭组分的固定碳含量范围之内，布袋产品固定碳含量最低为26.89%；未经圆盘粉碎的DCFS原样与DCFS经圆盘粉碎-分级后可分为中炭产品与低炭产品，其中布袋产品固定碳含量最高（可达30%左右）。说明气流分级对气化细渣中的残炭具有富集作用，但圆盘粉碎易造成样品的均一化粉碎，使气流分级效果不明显。

（3）采用气流粉碎-涡轮式气流分级联合分离技术，研究了气流粉碎参数对气化细渣涡轮式气流分级效果的影响规律。结果表明， 采用该联合工艺方法，CWSFS可分为高炭产品和中炭产品。其中分级一产品主要为高炭产品，其固定碳含量为73.93%，产率为37.94%；DCFS可被分离为中炭产品和低炭产品，且低炭产品的脱炭效果最显著，固定碳含量可降到4.99%，产率达到了19.86%，分级二产品中残炭富集效果最明显。气流粉碎有助于大幅提高残炭的分级分离富集率。

（4）在上述研究结果基础，结合SEM照片中矿物颗粒形态统计分析与灰分测试等，探究了气化细渣的粉碎-涡轮式气流分级分离机制。结果表明，粉碎方式对气化细渣的涡轮式气流分级分离效果有重要影响，以研磨为主的圆盘粉碎容易造成样品均一化过粉碎，以冲击力和剪切力作用为主的气流粉碎，能使残炭与灰组分在黏结界面处发生分离，黏附于炭颗粒表面的球形颗粒与矿物质剥离，可更有效促进煤气化细渣的分离，可显著提高残炭的分离回收率。最后，揭示了气化细渣的粉碎-涡轮式气流分级分离机制。

Coal gasification ash and slag are a solid waste of coal chemical industry with high fixed carbon content produced in the process of coal gasification. At present, it is mainly used for stacking and landfill treatment. This not only increases the treatment and transportation costs of enterprises, but also causes great waste of land resources and serious pollution of water and soil. Therefore, it is urgent to break through the bottleneck of efficient separation and high-value utilization of coal gasification ash and slag, which is also the key link restricting the clean and green development of coal chemical industry. This paper took coal water slurry gasification fine slag (CWSFS) and dry pulverized coal gasification fine slag (DCFS) as the research object. This paper discussed the relationship between particle size composition and structural characteristics of coal gasification fine slag by means of industrial analysis, XRF, XRD, BET and SEM, and put forward the classification method of coal gasification fine slag; The dry separation of CWSFS and DCFS was studied by using the combined technology of crushing and airflow classification. The influence law and characteristics of the crushing method of gasification fine slag on the effect of airflow classification and separation were explored; Based on the above results, the crushing and turbine airflow classification separation mechanism of gasification fine slag was discussed. The research results had important theoretical and application value for guiding the high-value utilization of coal gasification ash. The main results were as follows:
（1） The particle size characteristics and composition and structure characteristics of gasification fine slag were studied by wet screening combined with XRD and SEM. The results showed that, the fixed carbon content, ash composition, micro morphology and pore structure of gasification fine slag were related to the particle size distribution. the fixed carbon content of CWSFS components with different particle sizes increased with the increase of particle size, the fixed carbon content and ignition loss of DCFS components with different particle sizes first increased and then decreased with the increase of particle size, and the residual carbon particles showed a trend of enrichment with the increase of particle size. According to the composition characteristics of gasification fine slag, took the fixed carbon content as the main classification index, the gasification fine slag could be divided into high carbon component (fixed carbon content is higher than 60%) , medium carbon component ( fixed carbon content between 40% and 60%) and low carbon component (fixed carbon content is lower than 20%). Different types of components had different composition and structure characteristics.
（2）The influence of disc crushing parameters on the effect of turbine airflow classification of gasification fine slag was studied by using the combined separation technology of disc crushing and turbine airflow classification. The results show that the CWSFS without disc crushing could be separated into high carbon products and medium carbon products. After disc crushing, the fixed carbon content of each graded product was within the fixed carbon content of medium carbon components, and the fixed carbon content of bag products was the lowest, which was 26.89%; DCFS without disc crushing and after disc crushing and grading, DCFS could be divided into medium carbon products and low carbon products, of which the fixed carbon content of bag products was up to about 30%. It showed that airflow classification could enrich the residual carbon in gasification fine slag, but Disc crushing was easy to cause uniform crushing of samples, so that the effect of airflow classification was not obvious.
（3） The combined separation technology of airflow crushing and turbine airflow classification was used to study the influence of airflow comminution parameters on the effect of turbine airflow classification of gasification fine slag. The results showed that CWSFS could be divided into high carbon products and medium carbon products. The product I was mainly high carbon product, with fixed carbon content of 73.93% and yield of 37.94%; DCFS could be separated into medium carbon products and low-carbon products, and the decarbonization effect of low-carbon products was the most significant. The fixed carbon content could be reduced to 4.99% and the yield could reach 19.86%. The enrichment effect of residual carbon in product II was the most obvious. Airflow crushing was helpful to greatly improve the fractional separation and enrichment rate of residual carbon.
（4） Based on the above research results, combined with the statistical analysis of mineral particle morphology in SEM photos, the crushing and turbine airflow classification separation mechanism of gasification fine slag was explored. The results showed that the crushing mode had an important influence on the turbine airflow classification and separation effect of gasified fine slag, disc grinding based on grinding was easy to cause sample homogenization and over crushing. Airflow grinding based on impact force and shear force could separate the residual carbon and ash components at the bonding interface, and peel off the spherical particles adhered to the surface of carbon particles, which could more effectively promote the separation of coal gasification fine slag, especially improved the separation and recovery rate of residual carbon. Finally, the crushing and turbine airflow classification and separation mechanism of gasified fine slag was revealed.

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