后退耕期是实施退耕还林工程的生态、社会、经济效益的集中显现期。这一时期退耕还林工程的主要任务变为加强成果管理和维护、巩固退耕还林成果。随着退耕还林的成果逐渐显现，农民所获得的退耕补偿逐期减少，并即将结束。退耕农户是否会选择复耕部分土地，是需要进一步明确的问题。本文以延安市安塞县县南沟流域为研究区域，通过农户调查和野外调研，了解了农民在不同退耕补偿标准下的复耕意愿；分析了2000年至2014年流域土地利用类型的变化率，探讨了农民复耕决策对不同退耕补偿标准的响应，并阐明了复耕决策对当地未来一定时期内土地利用格局的影响。 结果表明，（1）受退耕还林影响，2005-2014年当地务工人口增加了19.78%，农民的收入结构出现了大幅度调整，人均年收入增加了175.29%，由主要依靠粮食收入，变为依靠外出务工、果树和大棚收入；在现有补偿标准（90元/亩•年）的情况下，32.1%的农户有意愿选择复耕部分退耕地，复耕比例在230元/(亩•年)的标准下趋于稳定。（2）农户特征数据的卡方独立性检验分析表明，家庭的务工人数和户主年龄对农民的复耕决策有显著影响，而其他属性对复耕决策的影响不大或没有影响。（3）2000到2014年，流域内有林地和灌木林面积大量增加，分别有39.73%的草地、47.62%的疏林地和25.00%的旱地转变成了有林地。通过土地利用的年动态度分析，流域内有林地面积以平均每年76.44%的增长率在快速增长，说明15年间退耕还林工程在当地取得了显著成效。（4）对县南沟流域土地利用多样性分析表明，该流域2000和2014年的土地利用类型多样性指数分别为0.866和0.757，说明退耕还林导致其土地利用类型多样性逐渐减小，土地利用结构逐渐向单一化、规模化转变。（5）在无补偿、现有补偿和230元/(亩•年)三种补偿标准下，一定时期内流域内将分别有1026.38亩、771.59亩和346.13亩的土地被复耕，被复耕为果园和旱地的面积比约为1：2.155，主要是因为旱地的开垦和运输难度远低于果园。在各退耕补偿标准下，复耕地块均主要来源于草地（平均约60.37%）。

Soil erosion and desertification in Northern Shaanxi was effectively curbed and the local eco-environment have been greatly improved since the implementation of the grain-for-green project(GGP).However,local farmers are facing the expiry of the GGP compensation in the post-GGP era. It’s need to clarify whether the farmers will reclaim some returned farmland,which will affect the environmental performance of the GGP.Based on the Xiannangou watershed in Ansai,Yan'an as the study area, through the approach of household survey and field research, the reclaimation will of local farmers in different compensation standard was investigated. Land-use change rate in 15 years (from 1999 to 2014) are analyzed using land-use maps of Xiannangou of different period. The response of farmers’ land use decisions to GGP compensation,and how the decisions will affect the land-use spatial pattern in the near future was investigated. Results show that, (1) Affected by GGP, the number of local migrant labourers increase by 19.78%. Average annual per capita income increased by 175.29%. Farmers earn income by working in cities and planting fruit trees and greenhouse vegetables now rather than lived on grain. There are 32.1 percent of farmers willing to reclaim some of their returned farmland in the current compensation standard of 90 yuan/(mu•a),and the rate became stable when the compensation increased to 230 yuan/(mu•a). (2) The Chi-squared independence test showed that the number of migrant workers and the age of household heads have a significant effect on the land use decisions, conversely other properties have little or no influence on the decision making. (3) From 2000 to 2014, closed forest land and shrubbery area in the basin was substantially increased,respectively have 39.73 percent of grassland, 47.62 percent of open forest land and 25.00 percent of dry land become closed forest land. According to analysis of dynamic degree of land use,there is a high growth rate of 76.44% per year with the closed forest land in this basin,which shows that the GGP implemented in Xiannangou has made remarkable achievements. (4) Analysis of land-use diversity showed that, the land-use type diversity index of this basin in 2000 and 2014 was 0.866 and 0.757 respectively,which indicated the land use structure of Xiannangou is gradually transforming to simplification and scale. (5) there will respectively have 1026.38 mu,771.59 mu and 346.13 mu returned farmland transformed into orchard and dry land in the near future with the different compensation standard of 0 yuan/(mu•a), 90 yuan/(mu•a) and 230 yuan/(mu•a).And the area ratio of orchard and dry land is about 1:2.155,which is mainly because assarting and transporting in orchard is more difficult than that in.dry land. Almost all reclamation land will be mainly derived from grassland (averages about 60.37%) .