信息技术的高速发展使得人机交互系统越来越复杂，改变了人机交互的作业模式，个体需要完成的人机交互任务增多且更加复杂，导致其认知负荷增加。同时，多人人机交互作业模式下，他人在场以及电子监控设备的存在诱发了社会助长效应，该效应会对个体认知负荷产生影响，进而影响其工作绩效。因此，本文基于认知负荷理论和社会助长效应理论，选取他人在场和电子监控设备存在两种场景，研究人机交互作业中社会助长效应对认知负荷的影响，以期为多人人机交互作业模式下的工作安排及管理提供参考意见。

首先，本文采用文献研究法对认知负荷和社会助长效应的国内外研究现状进行梳理，得出本文研究出发点、研究内容与研究方法；其次，基于认知负荷和社会助长效应理论，通过模拟人机交互作业场景并设置不同的任务类型和任务复杂度，设计3（场景：单独在场、伪被试、监控）×2（任务复杂度：简单、复杂）×2（任务类型：字母、空间位置）的人机交互记忆任务实验；借助事件相关电位技术和主观量表分别获取与认知相关的脑电成分的波幅值以及主观认知负荷值，同时记录被试完成实验的正确率和反应时，并对以上数据进行均值分析、方差分析、波幅分析以及脑电地形图分析等分析；最后，为探究社会助长效应对人机交互作业认知负荷的影响，分别从社会助长效应对人机交互作业绩效的影响、社会助长效应对主观认知负荷的影响以及社会助长效应影响认识负荷的神经机制三个方面出发对数据结果进行分析和讨论，得到本文结论：

（1）社会助长效应可以提高简单任务的人机交互作业绩效，降低复杂任务的人机交互作业绩效。在人机交互作业中，他人在场和电子监控设备存在时，个体完成简单作业任务的绩效会提高，而在困难任务中则相反。具体表现在，个体完成简单任务时，其作业正确率会提高且作业时间会减少；完成困难任务时，其作业正确率会降低且作业时间会增加。

（2）社会助长效会增加个体的主观认知负荷，且任务越困难主观认知负荷越高。在人机交互作业中，他人在场和监控场景下个体感知到的认知负荷大于单独在场场景下感知到的认知负荷；完成困难任务感知到的认知负荷大于完成简单任务感知到的认知负荷。

（3）社会助长效应会减少简单任务的认知负荷，增加困难任务的认知负荷。在人机交互作业中，他人在场和监控场景下产生的P2波幅值大于单独在场场景下的P2波幅值，表明在他人在场和监控场景下个体投入了更多的注意资源；他人在场和监控场景下个体完成简单任务时产生的N2波幅值小于单独在场时产生的N2波幅值，而在困难任务下个体单独在场时产生的N2波幅值更小，说明社会助长效应在困难任务下带给了个体更大的认知冲突；在简单任务中，被试单独在场产生了更大的P3波幅，说明社会助长效应减少了简单任务的认知负荷，而在困难任务中他人在场和监控场景下产生了更大的P3波幅，说明社会助长效应增加了困难任务的认知负荷。

本文的研究成果可以帮助企业优化人机交互作业模式的管理，利用社会助长效应对个体认知负荷的影响，减少个体在人机交互作业中的失误次数，提高其工作效率。

The rapid development of information technology has made human-computer interaction (HCI) systems more and more complex and has changed the mode of HCI operations. The number of HCI tasks that individuals need to complete has increased and become more complex, increasing the cognitive load on individuals and affecting their performance. At the same time, the presence of others and the presence of electronic monitoring devices in the multi-player HCI mode induces social facilitation, which has an impact on the cognitive load. Therefore, based on cognitive load theory and social facilitation theory, this paper selects two scenarios, namely the presence of others and the presence of electronic monitoring devices, to investigate the effect of social facilitation on cognitive load in HCI.
Firstly, this paper adopts the literature research method to review the current status of domestic and international research on cognitive load and social facilitation effects, and to arrive at the starting point, research content and research methods of this paper; secondly, based on the theory of cognitive load and social facilitation effects, the paper designs a 3 (scenario: alone present, pseudo-subject, monitoring) x 2 (task) x 2 (task complexity: simple, complex) human-computer interaction memory task experiment by simulating a human-computer interaction work scenario and setting different task types and task complexity. The experiment was conducted by simulating a human-computer interaction task scenario and setting different task types and task complexities, designing 3 (scenario: alone, pseudo-subject, monitoring) × 2 (task complexity: simple, complex) × 2 (task type: letter, spatial location) human-computer interaction memory tasks. Finally, in order to explore the effect of social facilitation effect on the cognitive load of HCI operations, the data results were analyzed and discussed from three aspects: the effect of social facilitation effect on the performance of HCI operations, the effect of social facilitation effect on the subjective cognitive load, and the neural mechanism of social facilitation effect on the cognitive load, respectively, and the conclusions of this paper were obtained.
(1) Social facilitation can increase HCI performance on simple tasks and decrease HCI performance on complex tasks. Individuals' performance on simple tasks increases when others are present and electronic monitoring devices are present during HCI tasks, while the opposite is true for difficult tasks. This is evidenced by an increase in correct performance and a decrease in time to complete simple tasks, and a decrease in correct performance and an increase in time to complete difficult tasks.
(2) Social facilitation increases the subjective cognitive load of the individual, and the more difficult the task, the higher the subjective cognitive load. In HCI tasks, individuals perceived greater cognitive load in the presence of others and in the monitoring scenario than in the presence alone scenario; the perceived cognitive load of completing a difficult task was greater than the perceived cognitive load of completing a simple task.
(3) Social facilitation reduces cognitive load on simple tasks and increases cognitive load on difficult tasks. In HCI operations, the P2 wave amplitudes generated in the presence of others and monitoring scenarios were larger than those in the presence alone scenario, indicating that individuals invested more attentional resources in the presence of others and monitoring scenarios; the N2 wave amplitudes generated by individuals in the presence of others and monitoring scenarios were smaller than those generated in the presence alone scenario for simple tasks, whereas the N2 wave amplitudes generated by individuals in the presence alone scenario for difficult tasks were smaller, indicating that the N2 wave amplitudes generated by individuals in the presence alone scenario were smaller than those in the presence alone scenario for difficult tasks. In the difficult task, the N2 amplitude was smaller, suggesting that the social facilitation effect brought greater cognitive conflict to the individual in the difficult task; in the simple task, the subject's presence alone produced a larger P3 amplitude, suggesting that the social facilitation effect reduced the cognitive load of the simple task, whereas in the difficult task the presence of others and the monitoring scenario produced a larger P3 amplitude, suggesting that the social facilitation effect increased the cognitive load of the difficult task.
The findings of this paper can help companies to optimize the management of HCI work patterns, reduce the number of individual errors in HCI work, and improve their productivity by exploiting the effect of social facilitation on individual cognitive load.

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