岩体剪切变形是重大地质灾害和岩体工程灾害的根本原因之一，断层错动或岩体变形对隧道、地下洞室等结构的稳定性存在巨大影响。岩体变形模式对地下工程的影响是科学应对相关灾害的关键，现有研究表明采用一定监测手段获取岩体内部剪切变形，可以有效的减少地下工程围岩破坏所带来的影响。目前对于判别岩体变形模式的研究不够深入，缺乏科学可靠的岩体剪切变形监测识别方法，对滑动面剪切错动变形位置的判断尚未完善。

因此，本文以水电站地下洞室为研究背景，针对地下洞室群不连续面引起的岩体剪切变形问题，采用理论分析、数值模拟和室内试验等手段，结合离散元数值模拟方法，提出了三维位移辨识岩体变形模式与结构面产状的方法，根据室内变形监测数据验证岩体变形感知系统的可靠性与准确性。主要研究内容如下：

（1）以雅砻江中游某水电站地下洞室为工程依托，采用离散元方法开展地下洞室开挖数值模拟，按工程常用多点位移计的布置方式在围岩中设置了若干监测点，对监测点的位移进行了三维空间位移轨迹分析，全面挖掘了围岩内部发生的压缩/拉伸、剪切变形等信息，探索了基于测点三维位移辨识结构面产状的方法，归纳了岩体的变形模式，研究成果将为岩体内部剪切变形感知系统提供理论基础。

（2）为更好的保障监测过程的稳定，使用MEMS加速度传感器作为监测系统核心，其利用MEMS技术（Micro Electromechanical System），即微机电系统加工制作而成，结合加速度计工作原理与适用范围，针对性能参数提出了加速度计的选型方法，为主要元件的选择提供依据；在此基础上提出了基于MEMS加速度积分法的围岩变形监测方法，并结合坐标转换对重力加速度偏量进行滤除。

（3）岩体变形感知系统主要由硬件模块和软件客户端两部分组成。硬件模块主要包括三轴加速度模块、陀螺仪模块、微处理器模块以及电源供应模块，通过电路板印刷设计将硬件模块进行组装，结合监测功能需求对软件客户端的数据采集接收功能、数据存储功能以及界面显示功能进行设计，将硬件模块和软件客户端相结合形成岩体变形感知系统。

（4）结合加速度传感器的误差来源，分析加速度传感器不同误差产生的原因，提出了相应的处理方案，以提高系统的精度和稳定性。开展岩体变形感知系统试验，得到试验实测值均接近于真实值，测量误差低于10%，验证了基于MEMS加速度传感器的变形感知系统的可靠性与准确性，给出岩体变形感知系统的适用范围。

Rock mass shear deformation is one of the fundamental causes of major geological and engineering disasters, and fault displacement or rock mass deformation has a significant impact on the stability of structures such as tunnels and underground chambers. The impact of rock deformation patterns on underground engineering is the key to scientific response to related disasters. Existing research has shown that using certain monitoring methods to obtain internal shear deformation of rock masses can effectively reduce the impact of underground engineering surrounding rock failure. At present, the research on identifying the deformation mode of rock mass is not deep enough, there is no scientific and reliable identification method of rock mass shear Deformation monitoring and the judgment of the shear dislocation deformation position of the sliding surface is not perfect.

Therefore, this paper takes the underground cavern of hydropower station as the research background, aiming at the problem of rock mass shear deformation caused by the discontinuity of underground cavern group, by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and indoor test, combined with the discrete element numerical simulation method, proposes a method of three-dimensional displacement identification of rock mass deformation mode and structural plane occurrence, and verifies the reliability and accuracy of the rock mass deformation sensing system according to the indoor Deformation monitoring data. The main research content is as follows:

(1) Based on the underground cavern of a hydropower station in the middle reaches of the Yalong River, a discrete element method was used to carry out numerical simulation of underground cavern excavation. Several monitoring points were set up in the surrounding rock according to the layout of commonly used multi-point displacement meters in the project. The displacement trajectory of the monitoring points was analyzed in three-dimensional space, and information such as compression/tension, shear deformation, etc. inside the surrounding rock was comprehensively excavated, Explored a method for identifying the occurrence of structural planes based on the three-dimensional displacement of measurement points, summarized the deformation modes of rock masses, and the research results will provide a theoretical basis for the internal shear deformation perception system of rock masses.

(2) To better ensure the stability of the monitoring process, MEMS acceleration sensors are used as the core of the monitoring system, which is manufactured using MEMS technology (Micro Electrical System), that is, micro electromechanical systems. Combined with the working principle and application range of the accelerometer, a selection method for the performance parameters of the accelerometer is proposed, providing a basis for the selection of main components; On this basis, the surrounding rock Deformation monitoring method based on MEMS acceleration integration method is proposed, and the gravity acceleration bias is filtered by coordinate transformation.

(3) The rock deformation perception system mainly consists of two parts: a hardware module and a software client. The hardware module mainly includes a three-axis acceleration module, gyroscope module, microprocessor module, and power supply module. The hardware module is assembled through circuit board printing design, and the data collection and reception function, data storage function, and interface display function of the software client are designed based on monitoring functional requirements. The hardware module and software client are combined to form a rock deformation perception system.

(4) Based on the error sources of acceleration sensors, the reasons for different errors in acceleration sensors are analyzed, and corresponding processing plans are proposed to improve the accuracy and stability of the system. Conducting a rock mass deformation sensing system experiment, the measured values were all close to the true values, and the measurement error was less than 10%. This verified the reliability and accuracy of the deformation sensing system based on MEMS acceleration sensors, and provided the applicable range of the rock mass deformation sensing system.

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