随着节约型社会的建设和发展，为改变农村住宅热工性能差、能耗大的现状，一批新型节能乡村建筑应运而生，其中以生态节能草砖建筑最引人注目。草砖建筑技术的研究发展，对缓解我国能源紧缺局面，推进社会主义新农村建设，有着重大的现实意义。 本文以哈尔滨市草砖建筑为主要研究对象。在对草砖建筑体系进行系统的理论分析的基础上，就黑龙江省现有草砖住宅及传统砖房的现状进行了实地调研走访，采用问卷调查和现场实测相结合的方法，比较全面地研究了农村住宅室内热环境及能耗的基本情况。结果显示：间歇式供暖条件下，室温波动幅度较大，草砖住宅为4.5℃，传统砖房为5.7℃，表明草砖住宅较传统砖房舒适且保(恒)温能力好。 为使研究更深入合理，具有科学性和直观性，本文利用清华大学的DeST-h能耗模拟软件，从不同外墙材料、窗墙比、朝向、气候特点四方面对草砖建筑进行了模拟分析。研究结果证明：(1)草砖房较传统粘土砖房节能46.9%，冬季计算日平均自然室温较粘土砖房高3.54℃，夏季隔热性能与粘土砖房相当；(2)草砖房的采暖能耗随窗墙比的增大而增大，且北向窗墙比对能耗的影响大于南向；(3)随朝向由“南北”向“东西”不断变化，采暖能耗逐渐增大，但在南偏东(西) 15o范围内，影响作用不大；(4)气候环境对能耗的影响作用显著，越是寒冷的地区节能率越高，说明草砖房的节能优势在于保温。 为了进一步探讨草砖建筑的节能潜力，本文分析了被动式太阳能技术应用的可行性，提出了太阳能草砖住宅设计方案，并从理论上对其节能性和经济性做出评价。结果证明太阳能草砖房较传统粘土砖房节能67.1%，是一种节能效果更为理想的住宅形式。 本文研究证明：草砖建筑技术具有科学性、合理性和实用性，值得大力推广应用，前景广阔。

With the establishing and developing of high-efficient society, many new kinds of country houses are emerging in China to change the actuality that traditional country houses have poor thermal characteristics and high energy cost. Among new kinds of country houses, straw-bale buildings attract the attention of public due to its environmental-friendly and energy-efficient features. The research and development of straw-bale technologies make greatly sense to alleviate energy deficient complexion and boost the construction of new socialistic countries. The object of study is straw-bale buildings in the rural area of Harbin, Heilongjiang Provience. Based on theoretical analyses of straw-bale building system, the thermal environment and energy consumption in country houses is roughly investigated by comparing straw-bale houses with traditional bale houses though combinational methods of questionnaire survey and on-site measurement. The result of on-site measurement indicates that the diurnal temperature amplitude is high under interim heating system. The diurnal temperature amplitude is 4.5℃ in straw-bale house on the measuring day, and 5.7℃ in traditional bale house. This suggests that straw-bale houses provide a higher level of comfortness and better heat preservation. In order to make the research in-depth and reasonable, simulation about energy consumption was analyzed by the DeST-h software (QingHua University). The analyses are done from four different aspects including material of external walls, ratios between windows and walls, direction and climatic environment. The results indicate that: First, the energy consumption in straw-bale house during the whole winter is around 46.9% lower than traditional bale house. The average ambient temperature in straw-bale house in winter is 3.54℃ higher than in bale house,but in summer the capability of heat insulation by straw-bale is almost the same as clay brick. Second, energy consumption increases as the ratio increased, and the influence of north windows is greater than south windows. Third, with the direction changing from south to east, energy consumption increases gradually, but when the change is less than 15o, its influence is not significant. Forth, climatic environment has great influence for energy consumption. The colder the climate is, the higher energy saving the straw-bale buildings have, and straw bale saves energy mainly by heat preservation. Based on the results of both on-site measurement and simulational analyses, solar energy technologies are applied in straw-bale house to excavate more energy saving potential. The feasibility of passive solar energy technologies usage in rural country is discussed. A design of passive solar-energy using straw-bale house is proposed, and its characters of energy saving and economy were estimated through currently established theories. The result indicates that energy consumption in the whole winter is about 67.1% lower in passive solar straw-bale house than in traditional bale house. This suggests that passive solar straw-bale house is a more ideal energy saving house. The research in this paper indicates that straw-bale technologies are scientific, reasonable, and practical. They are worth for future development and application, and have capacious prospect.