本论文利用镁铝层状化合物水滑石(LDHs)的阴离子可交换性及主-客体相互作用，以镁铝硝酸根水滑石(MgAl-NO3-LDHs)为前驱体，运用离子交换法、共沉淀法和焙烧还原法，通过插层组装成功地制备了十二烷基磺酸插层水滑石(DSO-LDHs)、十二烷基硫酸插层水滑石(DS-LDHs)和十二烷基苯磺酸插层水滑石(DBS-LDHs)。采用FT-IR、XRD、TG-DTA等手段对其结构、物理化学性能及热性能进行了详细的研究。测定了产物的对水接触角。研究了产品对分散蓝S-3BG染料的吸附行为、吸附机理及再生利用性能。 产品性能研究表明，反应温度、pH值、及老化过程不同会影响产物晶型及组成。FT-IR分析表明，插层组装后，层板与表面活性阴离子之间除存在静电相互作用、范德华力外，还存在以S=O???H-O-M(M代表层板上的Mg或Al)形式出现的氢键作用。 通过计算水滑石的层间距，发现较之插层前驱体，表面活性剂插层水滑石的层间距明显增大，且各个衍射峰对应层间距存在良好的倍数关系，表明表面活性阴离子进入了水滑石的层板之间，还得出了对于不同的表面活性剂插层水滑石，应该运用不同的插层组装方法制备的结论。 产品的热分解行为研究表明，表面活性阴离子插层水滑石的热分解过程包含层间水的脱除、层板羟基的脱离以及有机相的燃烧并伴随着能量的释放，热稳定性依赖于层间阴离子的性质。 吸附实验研究表明，在pH=7，吸附时间为80min，温度为25℃，投加量为1000mg/L时，插层产品对S-3BG吸附脱色率达97%以上。MgAl-NO3-LDHs对S-3BG的吸附较符合Freundlich方程；DBS-LDHs对S-3BG的吸附较符合Langmuir方程。表面活性剂插层水滑石吸附S-3BG的能力大小顺序为：DBS-LDHs﹥DSO-LDHs﹥DS-LDHs。 表面活性剂插层水滑石的对水接触角较之插层前驱体有了较大的变化，亲疏水性能发生了很大的改变，其对S-3BG的吸附过程除包含着与疏水相的疏水相互作用而形成的分配吸附外，还存在S-3BG分子上苯环与DBS上苯环的π-π相互作用，使得S-3BG分子更好的溶入层间空隙，显著提高了S-3BG的吸附量。 MgAl-NO3-LDHs及DBS-LDHs的再生产物在2～3次再生循环内仍具有一定的脱色能力，三次再生循环后的产物吸附能力明显下降。

In this thesis, by using anionic exchangealility and host-guest interaction of LDHs, Dodecyl sulfonate(DSO), dodecyl sulfate(DS) and dodecyl benzenesulfonate(DBS) anions were intercalated into layered double hydroxides(LDHs) through nitrate hydrotalcites (MgAl-NO3-LDHs) via anion exchange, co-precipitation and calcine-recovering methods. The structures, physicochemical properties and thermal performance of these intercalated materials had been investigated profoundly by XRD, FT-IR and TG-DTA. The contact angles were mensurated. Adsorption of Dispersive Blue S-3BG using LDHs was studied together with their mechanism and regeneration of performance. The performance of intercalated materials showed that crystallinity and composition would be effected by different reactive temperature, pH value and aging process. FT-IR indicated that: besides electrostatic interaction and Van der Waals force, hydrogen bonds force which was formed of S=O…H-O-M also existed between layers and surfactant anions. Compared with MgAl-NO3-LDHs, the spacing of intercalated materials singnificantly increased by calculating. The spacing among diffraction peaks existed in multiples of relations.This showed that surfactant anions were intercalated into LDHs; different intercalated methods should be used to prepare different intercalated materials. Thermolysis process included removal of interlayer water, detachment of hydroxy group as well as burning of organic phase with the release of energy. Thermal stability depended on the performance of the anions. The experimental results showed that the decolorization rate could be up to 97% when pH value was 7, the adsorption time was 80 min, the temperature was 25℃ and the dosage was 1000mg/L. The adsorption of S-3BG on MgAl-NO3-LDHs was conformed to the Frendlich isotherm equation; the adsorption of S-3BG on DBS-LDHs was conformed to the Langmuir isotherm equation. The adsorption capacity of intercalated materials was DBS-LDHs﹥DSO-LDHs﹥DS-LDHs. Compared with MgAl-NO3-LDHs, the contact angles of intercalated materials had been changed significantly, as well as their hydyophilic and hydrophobic properties. In addition to the distribution of adsorption foremed by hydrophobic interaction between intercalated material and S-3BG, the adsorption process of intercalated materials also existed π-π interaction between benzene ring of S-3BG and benzene on the DBS, which could enter S-3BG into layers gap well, then could enhance the adsorption capacity. Thermal regeneration for re-use of MgAl-NO3-LDHs/DBS-LDHs after Reactive or Weak dyes adsorption was feasible only within the two or third cycles. Henceforth, the adsorption capacities of the regenerated materials decreased with increasing of the cycles.