传统提高硅橡胶泡沫（SiFs）材料阻燃抑烟的方法存在阻燃效率低、与硅橡胶基体相容性差、热解或燃烧后炭层松散等问题，制约其阻燃抑烟性能的提升。采用Pt高效催化阻燃、阻燃抑烟剂微胶囊化或添加补强填料，以及与微胶囊磷系阻燃剂复配是解决上述问题的有效手段。因此，本文深入研究了Pt催化剂、微胶囊阻燃抑烟剂和微胶囊磷系阻燃剂对SiFs材料性能的影响，揭示了含Pt催化剂、微胶囊阻燃抑烟剂和微胶囊磷系阻燃剂SiFs材料的阻燃抑烟机理，该研究对阻燃抑烟SiFs材料的开发具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文主要研究成果如下：
（1）结合正交实验法，量化分析了SiFs材料表观密度的主要影响因素，确定其最佳含量。利用极限氧指数测试仪、UL-94测试仪、烟密度测试仪、锥形量热仪、TG-FTIR联用系统和万能拉力试验机系统研究了Pt催化剂和气相法白炭黑对纯SiFs材料阻燃抑烟性能、热稳定性及力学性能的影响。结合表观密度和成本，优选出综合性能最优配方时Pt催化剂和基胶中气相法白炭黑的含量分别为0.6 wt%和25 wt%。
（2）优选出氢氧化铝（ATH）、锌镁铝类水滑石（LDHs）、甲基膦酸二甲酯（DMMP）和次磷酸铝（AHP）四种能较好提升SiFs材料阻燃抑烟性能的阻燃剂。采用溶胶凝胶法制备出微胶囊化ATH（MATH）和改性微胶囊化LDHs（MLDHs）；利用微流体技术制备出微胶囊化DMMP（MDMMP）；采用乳化法制备出微胶囊化AHP（MAHP）。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、红外光谱仪（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和热重分析仪（TG）对阻燃微胶囊包裹效果和热稳定性等进行测试表征。结果表明包裹效果较好，且微胶囊化后芯材的热稳定性提高。
（3）在优选配方的基础上制备出含MATH/超细碳酸钙（CC）、改性MLDHs、MDMMP/MATH和MAHP/改性MLDHs的SiFs材料。采用万能拉力试验机、极限氧指数测试仪、烟密度测试仪及锥形量热仪等研究含微胶囊阻燃抑烟剂SiFs材料的力学性能和阻燃抑烟性能。研究表明，四种复合阻燃剂均能在不降低SiFs材料力学性能同时，有效提高其阻燃抑烟性能。MATH/CC对SiFs材料的力学性能改善效果最为明显，其次是MAHP/改性MLDHs和改性MLDHs。四种复合阻燃剂中，MAHP/改性MLDHs添加量最少，但其热释放量（THR）和火灾增长指数（FGI）最小，火灾安全性能最优。
（4）通过TG、热重-红外联用（TG-FTIR）、SEM、XPS和X射线能谱分析（EDS）等分析了含微胶囊阻燃抑烟剂SiFs材料的热氧分解过程、热降解挥发产物、炭渣结构和炭渣成分。结合材料的燃烧和分解性能，分析了MATH/CC、改性MLDHs、MDMMP/MATH和MAHP/改性MLDHs在SiFs材料凝聚相和气相阻燃抑烟中所起的作用，揭示了协同阻燃抑烟机理。结果表明，MAHP/改性MLDHs/SiFs复合材料的炭层结构更为致密连续，这是由于含磷产物能够抑制材料热解，且金属氧化物具有较好的催化成炭作用。

It is found that there are some problems in the traditional ways to improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of silicone rubber foam (SiFs). Such as the low flame retardant efficiency, the poor compatibility between flame retardant and silicone rubber matrix, and the loose carbon layer of SiFs after pyrolysis or combustion, which restricts its flame retardancy and smoke suppression. They are effective ways to solve the above problems by using high efficient Pt catalytic flame retardant, using microcapsule technology or adding reinforcing filler to modify the surface of flame retardant and smoke suppressor, and compounding with phosphorus flame retardant. Thus, it is very important to study the interaction among Pt catalyst, microcapsule flame retardant, microcapsule smoke suppressor and phosphorus flame retardant, reveal the flame retardant and smoke suppression mechanism of SiFs containing Pt catalyst, microcapsule flame retardant and phosphorus flame retardant. The main research results of this article are as follows:
(1) The main factors affecting the apparent density of SiFs were quantitatively analyzed by orthogonal experiment method, and the content of main influence factors were determined. The flame retardancy, smoke suppression properties, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of SiFs were studied by limiting oxygen index tester, smoke density tester, cone calorimeter, thermogravimetric infrared analyzer, and universal tensile tester. Taking into account the apparent density and cost, the optimal formula was obtained, and the content of Pt catalyst and fumed silica in base rubber were 0.6 wt% and 25 wt%, respectively.
(2) Aluminum hydroxide (ATH), zinc magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite (LDHs), dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) with good flame retardant and smoke suppression properties for SiFs were selected. Microencapsulated ATH (MATH) and modified microencapsulated LDHs (MLDHs) was prepared by sol-gel method, microencapsulated DMMP (MDMMP) was prepared by microfluidic technology, and microencapsulated AHP (MAHP) was prepared by emulsification method. The encapsulation effect and thermal stability of flame retardant microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetry (TG). These results showed that the encapsulation effect were good and the thermal stability of the core materials were all improved after microencapsulation.
(3) On the basis of the optimized formula, SiFs materials containing MATH/ultrafine calcium carbonate (CC), modified MLDHs, MDMMP/MATH, and MAHP/modified MLDHs were prepared. The mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression of SiFs were studied by universal tensile tester, limiting oxygen index tester, smoke density tester, and cone calorimeter. Results showed that all the four compound flame retardants could effectively improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of SiFs without reducing the mechanical properties. The comparative analysis indicated that the mechanical properties of SiFs were improved most obviously with MATH/CC, followed by MAHP/modified MLDHs and modified MLDHs. It was found that MAHP/modified MLDHs had least addition, but its THR and FGI were the smallest, and its fire safety performance was the best.
(4) The thermal oxidative decomposition process, thermal degradation volatile products, structure and composition of residual carbon of SiFs were analyzed by TG, TG-FTIR, SEM, XPS and EDS. Combined with the combustion and decomposition properties of SiFs, the effects of MATH/CC, modified MLDHs, MDMMP/MATH, and MAHP/modified MLDHs in the condensed phase and gas phase flame retardancy and smoke suppression of SiFs were analyzed, and the synergistic flame retardant and smoke suppression mechanism was revealed. The results showed that the carbon layer structure of MAHP/modified MLDHs/SiFs was more compact and continuous, as phosphorus containing products could inhibit the pyrolysis of materials, and metal oxides had good catalytic effect on carbon formation.