我国华东地区的淮北、大屯、徐州、兖州、淮南等矿区相继有百余个立井井壁发生了不同程度的破坏，系该地区巨厚松散层底部含水层的疏排水固结沉降所致。使用正确、有效的监测方法预测预报含水层固结沉降变形，及时识别从微观到宏观的变形特征，是避免上述灾害的根本所在，有着非常重要的意义。 研究了我国华东地区厚松散层立井井筒破坏的基本特征和规律，井筒破坏的工程地质条件，分析了井筒破坏过程及发生机制。基于含水层Terzaghi固结理论，研究底部含水层疏水沉降变形规律，分析了松散层沉降时井壁外表面剪切力，建立了井壁竖直附加应力的计算模型，提出了井壁破坏的校核方法。 研究了松散地层变形与载荷传递规律，井筒稳定性分析及强度校核方法和流程，并给出一个井筒强度校核的实例。基于井筒破坏的各种预测方法的经济技术比较，提出了一种“以光纤光栅监测为主，其它几种监测方法为辅，多种监测方法相结合”的综合井筒安全性评价与预测系统。 采用钻孔植入式光纤Bragg光栅监测松散地层沉降变形，建立钻孔植入式光纤Bragg光栅岩层变形监测力学模型，进行了应变传递理论分析，得出了应变传递率随水泥砂浆弹性模量、泊松比和钻孔直径的变化规律，并设计了应用于岩层变形监测的光纤Bragg光栅传感器，计算了该传感器在拟定钻孔直径下的应变传递系数，分析了底部含水层应变与井壁竖直附加应力的关系。 针对济宁三号煤矿风井松散层的沉降变形进行了钻孔植入式光纤Bragg光栅传感检测方法的应用，开发了岩层变形光纤Bragg光栅传感监测软件，实现了对地层沉降变形的实时在线监测，监测结果反映松散地层沉降变形的过程，能够预测井筒真实受力变形情况，为井筒的破坏预测和及时维护提供了依据。

In East Area of China, approximately 100 shaft linings in huge unconsolidated soil layer fractured in various degrees, it is mainly caused by the vertical additional force acted on shaft lining by surrounding soils during dewatering of unconsolidated aquifers. Predicting the settlement deformation of aquifers with effective monitoring method and the recognition of the characteristics of the deformation from micro to macro is essential for avoiding above-mentioned disaster, which has very important significance. The basic characteristics and principle as well as the engineering geological conditions of the shaft deformation with huge unconsolidated soil layer in East Area of China are studied. The process and the occurrence mechanism of shaft deformation are analyzed. Based on the Terzaghi consolidation theory of the acquifer, the dewatering settlement deformation principle of bottom acquifer is studied, and the shear stress of the surface of the shaft is analyzed. The computational model of the vertical additional stress of the shaft is built, and the checking method of shaft deformation is proposed. The deformation and load transferring principle of unconsolidated soil layer is studied. The stability analysis and strength checking method and process of the shaft are proposed, and a real example of shaft strength checking is given. Based on the economic and technical comparison of all kinds of prediction methods of shaft deformation, an integrated shaft safety evaluation and prediction system of “take FBG monitoring as main method, and assisted by other monitoring methods, integrated with several monitoring methods” is proposed. A borehole embedded fiber Bragg grating sensing method is proposed to monitor the rock strata settlement deformation. A mechanical model of the borehole embedded fiber Bragg grating sensing method is built. With the analysis of the strain transferring theory, the changing principle of the strain transferring rate with the elastic modulus of cement mortar, Poisson’s ratio and diameter of the borehole is obtained. A special fiber Bragg grating sensor used for the monitoring of rock strata deformation is designed and the strain transferring rate of this sensor under prepared borehole-diameter is calculated, and the relationship of the strain of the bottom acquifer and the shaft vertical additional stress is analyzed. The borehole embedded fiber Bragg grating sensing method is applied to the monitoring of the settlement deformation of the unconsolidated soil layer around air shaft of No. 3 Jining Coal Mine, which realized the real-time monitoring of the rock strata deformation. A fiber Bragg grating rock strata deformation monitoring software is developed. The rock strata deformation monitoring data are gained and managed by TeeChart control and Access database. This software has friendly windows and can be operated easily, which can meet the requirement of practical engineering applications. The monitoring results can reflect the settlement deformation process of the unconsolidated soil layer, and can predict the real stress distribution of the shaft, which can provide evidence for the deformation of the shaft and its maintenance.