迄今为止，混凝土仍是工程建设方面使用最广泛的材料之一。由于其本身多孔性、易吸水性，导致混凝土在高海拔寒冷地区基础设施建设中极易发生冻融破坏或表面结冰等现象，对结构造成损伤，影响使用年限，极大程度威胁交通安全运行。针对上述问题，本文拟采用水解的正硅酸乙酯＋硅烷偶联剂在喷射混凝土表面构造具有低表面能的微纳米粗糙结构，通过表面基础性能表征、防污耐磨性能研究、防冰抗冻性研究等方面的室内试验方法来揭示高海拔寒冷地区超疏水混凝土防冰抗冻机理及劣化规律。主要研究成果如下：

（1）通过在水解的正硅酸乙酯溶液中加入硅烷偶联剂，试配出具有超疏水性功能涂层，并采用喷涂法涂覆在制备的C30混凝土表面。经过试验发现涂覆有超疏水涂层的混凝土表面其接触角可达163.6°±1.2°，滚动角为5°±1°。

（2）基于微细观测试手段，发现普通混凝土表面的伸缩振动峰透过率要远远大于超疏水混凝土表面。并且所试配的超疏水材料结晶程度较差，通过对两种不同混凝土表面进行X射线荧光测试发现，疏水涂层表面SiO₂含量高达96.9%，而普通混凝土表面SiO₂含量仅为45.1%。同时，超疏水混凝土的表面（3.446μm）比普通型混凝土的表面（1.911μm）更粗糙，通过扫描电子显微镜发现超疏水混凝土涂层具有呈突刺状紧密排列的纳米颗粒，而普通混凝土观察不到纳米级别的微细观形貌。

（3）采用室内试验手段，对超疏水混凝土表面防污耐磨性能进行研究。通过对比试验发现，涂覆有超疏水材料的混凝土具有良好的耐腐蚀性、润湿性及自清洁性，且低温下超疏水混凝土表面接触角可达150°，具有良好的耐低温性。同时，对超疏水混凝土进行耐摩擦试验及吸水率试验，发现随着摩擦距离和液体浸没时间的增加，超疏水性能较初始状态有所降低。

（4）在超疏水涂层的作用下，混凝土表面结冰所需时间比未涂覆超疏水材料的混凝土表面延长约一倍。并且，超疏水涂层在冰块和混凝土表面之间形成了一层空气膜，使得冰块与超疏水混凝土表面剪切强度小于与普通混凝土表面的剪切强度。对具有超疏水性质的混凝土和普通混凝土进行饱和冻融循环试验，通过抗压强度试验，发现超疏水混凝土抗压强度降幅小于普通混凝土抗压强度降幅，根据上述现象，基于核磁共振试验（NMR）探究了超疏水混凝土内部损伤机理。

At present, concrete is still one of the most widely used materials in engineering construction. Due to its inherent porosity and water absorption, concrete is prone to freeze-thaw damage or surface icing during infrastructure construction in high-altitude and cold regions. Causing damage to the structure, affecting its service life, and greatly threatening traffic safety operation. In response to the above issues, this article intends to use hydrolyzed ethyl orthosilicate+silane coupling agent to construct micro nano rough structures with low surface energy on the surface of sprayed concrete. Through indoor testing methods such as surface basic performance characterization, anti fouling and wear resistance research, and anti ice and frost resistance research, the anti ice and frost resistance mechanism and degradation law of superhydrophobic concrete in high altitude and cold regions will be revealed. The main research results are as follows:

(1) A superhydrophobic functional coating was prepared by adding silane coupling agent to the hydrolyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate, and it was sprayed on the surface of the prepared C30 concrete. It was found that the contact angle of the concrete surface coated with the superhydrophobic coating was 163.6 ° ± 1.2 °, and the rolling angle was 5 ° ± 1 °.

(2) Based on the microscopic test method, it is found that the transmittance of the stretching vibration peak of the ordinary concrete surface is much larger than that of the superhydrophobic concrete surface. And the crystallinity of the prepared superhydrophobic material is poor. The X-ray fluorescence test of two different concrete surfaces shows that the SiO₂ content on the surface of the hydrophobic coating is as high as 96.9 %, while the SiO₂ content on the surface of the ordinary concrete is only 45.1 %.Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the superhydrophobic concrete coating has nano-particles arranged in a spike-like pattern, in contrast to the regular concrete (1.911μm) which does not display nano-scale micro-morphology. Additionally, the surface of superhydrophobic concrete (3.446μm) is rougher than that of ordinary concrete.

(3) The antifouling and wear-resistant properties of superhydrophobic concrete surfaces were studied by indoor test method. Through comparative tests, it is found that concrete coated with superhydrophobic materials has good corrosion resistance, wettability and self-cleaning, and the surface contact angle of superhydrophobic concrete at low temperature can reach 150°, which has good low temperature resistance. At the same time, the friction resistance test and water absorption test of superhydrophobic concrete were carried out, and it was found that with the increase of friction distance and liquid immersion time, the superhydrophobic performance decreased compared with the initial state.

(4) Under the action of a superhydrophobic coating, it takes about twice as long for concrete surfaces to freeze than concrete surfaces without superhydrophobic materials. Moreover, the superhydrophobic coating forms an air film between the ice and the concrete surface, so that the shear strength of the ice block and the superhydrophobic concrete surface is less than that of the ordinary concrete surface. According to the saturation freeze-thaw cycle test of concrete and ordinary concrete with superhydrophobic properties, it was found that the compressive strength of superhydrophobic concrete decreased less than that of ordinary concrete, and the internal damage mechanism of superhydrophobic concrete was explored based on nuclear magnetic resonance test (NMR).