粉煤灰是具有火山灰活性的多孔微细粉末，有一定的吸附性能。将粉煤灰及其改性产物用于环境治理，可以减少环境负担，增加经济效益，达到以废治废的效果。由于粉煤灰的吸附性能不够理想，需要对其进行超细改性和成型处理，以提高其吸附性能，达到工业化利用的目的。 本文以取自陕西渭河热电厂、西安灞桥热电厂和西安西郊热电厂的粉煤灰为原料，对其进行超细球磨处理，得到超细粉煤灰，然后用超细粉煤灰与NaOH溶液反应，再对反应后的样品进行成型处理，得到超细粉煤灰成型吸附剂。通过单因素实验和正交实验研究得出了制备成型吸附剂的最佳工艺。通过XRD、SEM、FTIR和BET对成型吸附剂的物相、形貌和比表面积进行表征。采用静态吸附和动态吸附实验，研究了不同因素对几型吸附剂去除水溶液中亚甲基蓝(MB)和Cr(VI)离子能力的影响，并进行了成型吸附剂的再生实验研究。研究表明，成型吸附剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合Frendlich吸附等温式，对Cr(VI)的吸附反应符合Langmuir吸附等温式；其吸附过程均可用二级吸附动力学方程描述；成型吸附剂对亚甲基蓝和Cr(VI)的吸附过程均属于放热反应过程。对比几种不同成型吸附剂的吸附性能，得出了不同粒度和不同组分的原料粉煤灰对成型吸附剂的影响规律，原料粉煤灰粒度越小，Al2O3和SiO2两者的含量越高，Al2O3/SiO2的比率越大，则成型吸附剂对MB和Cr(VI)的吸附量也越大。动态吸附实验研究了填料高度、初始浓度对吸附性能的影响，实验结果可以看出成型吸附剂对有机染料和对重金属的均有较好的吸附性能。成型吸附剂的超声波再生实验研究表明超声波是一种有效的再生方式，其操作方便，再生后成型吸附剂可回用。

Coal fly ash is a kind of fine powder with volcanic activity and special porous structures,it has some adsorption capacity. Utilisation of coal fly ash and its modified products for environmental governance which will help reduce the environmental pollution and enhance economic benefit, achieve the effect of making use of waste to dispose waste.Yet,for the limitations of adsorption properties of coal fly ash, ultra fine modification and forming technology need to be conducted for improving adsorption capacities and achieving the purpose of industrial use. Raw coal fly ashes were selected from Wei-He Thermal Power Plant in ShaanXi Province, Ba-Qiao Thermal Power Plant and Xi-Jiao Thermal Power Plant in Xi’an. Raw coal fly ashes were ball milled and then three ultrafine coal fly ashes were got. The ultra fine coal fly ashes were treated with NaOH solution. The samples after reaction were extruded molding and ultrafine forming coal fly ash based adsorbent were obtained. Optimum technology of preparation for forming adsorbent was abtained through single factor and orthogonal experiments respectively. The forming adsorbent were characterized by XRD,SEM, FTIR and BET. The effects of different factors on several forming adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) and Cr(VI) in aqueous solution were studied through static adsorption and dynamic adsorption experiments,and a molding experimental study of the regeneration of forming adsorbent. The study showed that MB and Cr(VI) adsorption equilibrium on the forming adsorbent can be described in terms of Freundlich and Langmuri isotherm respectively. The adsorption process of MB and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution conform to the second-order kinetic model; the adsorption process of MB and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution were proved to be exothermic. The adsorption capacity of some different forming adsorbent were compared, it showed that different particle size and different components of the raw coal fly ash impact the adsorption capacity of adsorbent. The more smaller particle size of raw coal fly ash is,and the higher composition of Al2O3 and SiO2 and Al2O3/SiO2 rate of raw coal fly ash is,the more capacity of the adsorbent has. Through the dynamic adsorption test, the effect of filling height and initial concentration were investigated. The dynamic experimental result showed the forming adsorbent had better capacity for both organic dye and heavy metals ion. Experimental on regeneration of forming adsorbent using ultrasonic method was investigated, it showed that ultrasonic method was an effective way of regeneration, the operating is convenient, after regeneration the forming adsorbent can be reused.