近年来，随着我国国民经济的高速发展，人们对石油、天然气等能源的需求量迅速上升。我国的西南、华北、西北等地区均存在高含H₂S的石化生产作业区，H₂S几乎存在于石化生产工作的每一个过程中，H₂S的泄漏扩散极易引发爆炸火灾和中毒事故，对该地区的人员和环境造成不可逆的损害。因此，针对含硫地区的石油天然气安全生产开展H₂S泄漏扩散规律及探测器优化布置方法研究，有利于提高油气田生产运输的安全等级，对保障工作人员的生命健康和安全工作的环境有重要意义。

在现场试验中，H₂S泄漏气云的扩散迁移受到许多因素影响且试验成本相对较高。因此本文选择风洞实验与CFD模拟相结合的方法研究H₂S泄漏扩散规律。本文研究基于FLACS软件对高含硫集气站可能发生H₂S泄漏装置做了模拟和分析，总结H₂S扩散迁移的规律，并获得多个场景下H₂S扩散的数据，为气体探测器的布设提供理论基础。本文主要的研究工作如下：

首先，通过自主搭建的风洞实验装置进行H₂S微量泄漏实验，通过调节外界风速（0.3m/s、0.5m/s、0.8m/s）进行实验研究，研究发现各测点H₂S浓度以及浓度达到稳定状态所需时间与风速呈负相关；利用FLACS软件对风洞实验场景进行了模拟，并采用相对误差法和统计学参量法两种评价方式，将模拟数据与实验数据进行对比，从而验证了FLACS软件在模拟H₂S泄漏扩散方面的有效性。

其次，以普光气田某高含硫集气站为研究对象，通过软件中的建模模块建立了集气站全尺寸三维模型，设置合理的模拟参数；研究了H₂S气体泄漏扩散过程中气体的浓度变化以及敏感因素（环境风速、泄漏孔径、环境温度、泄漏方向）对气云扩散的影响；研究发现环境风速、环境温度的增加在发生泄漏事故时有助于H₂S的扩散，泄漏孔径与气体浓度达到峰值的时间及浓度的峰值呈现正比，使泄漏事故的危害显著增加，泄漏方向显著影响H₂S气云扩散的范围，垂直向下泄漏时，近地面积聚的H₂S气云浓度较大，危险系数极高。同时，基于ExpAssoc与Allometric1模型对仿真数据进行非线性拟合，得到了环境风速—泄漏源高度耦合条件下H₂S扩散风险量化评估模型。

最后，介绍了各类气体探测器的优缺点以及现有国内外化工厂区有毒气体检测器布置相关法规条例，对普光气田某高含硫集气站现有H₂S探测器布置方案进行分析，发现H₂S气体探测器采用固定间距布置法和泄漏源经验布置法两者相结合布置，并未结合本集气站实际情况；本文基于多场景气体扩散数据，以探测时间的最小为目标，分析了1-10m泄漏源高度下的H₂S气云首次落地时间与落地距离，研究H₂S气体探测器布置的水平距离，并提出对现有法规条例的改进意见。

In recent years, with the rapid development of China's national economy, people's demand for oil, natural gas and other energy sources has been rising rapidly. China's Southwest, North China, Northwest and other regions have high levels of H₂S petrochemical production operations, H₂S is present in almost every process of petrochemical production work, H₂S leakage and diffusion can easily cause explosions and fires and poisoning accidents, causing irreversible damage to the region's personnel and the environment. Therefore, the study of H₂S leakage diffusion law and detector optimal arrangement method for the safe production of oil and gas in the sulfur-containing area is conducive to the improvement of the safety level of oil and gas field production and transportation, which is of great significance to the protection of the staff's life and health and the safe working environment.

In the field test, the diffusion and migration of H₂S leakage gas cloud is affected by many factors and the test cost is relatively high. Therefore, this paper chooses the method of combining wind tunnel experiments and CFD simulation to study the diffusion law of H₂S leakage. Based on FLACS software, this paper simulates and analyses the possible H₂S leakage devices in the high sulphur gas gathering station, summarizes the law of H₂S diffusion and migration, and obtains the data of H₂S diffusion in several scenarios, which provides a theoretical basis for the deployment of gas detectors. The main research work of this paper is as follows:

Firstly, the H₂S trace leakage experiments were carried out by the wind tunnel experimental device built independently, and the experimental research was carried out by adjusting the external wind speed (0.3m/s, 0.5m/s, 0.8m/s), and it was found that the concentration of H₂S at each measurement point as well as the time required for the concentration to reach the steady state were negatively correlated with the wind speed; the experimental scenarios of the wind tunnel were simulated in FLACS software, and the simulated data were compared with the experimental data. The effectiveness of FLACS software in simulating the diffusion of hydrogen sulfide leakage was verified by two evaluation methods: relative error method and statistical parameter method.

Secondly, taking a high sulfur gas gathering station in Puguang gas field as the research object, a full-size 3D model of the gas gathering station was established by CASD module in the software, and reasonable grid size and parameters were set up; the influence of the gas concentration change and sensitive factors (ambient wind speed, leakage aperture, ambient temperature, and leakage direction) on the gas cloud diffusion during the diffusion process of H₂S gas leakage was investigated; and the study found that the ambient wind speed, It was found that the increase of ambient wind speed, ambient temperature helps the diffusion of H₂S when a leakage accident occurs, the leakage aperture is positively proportional to the time when the gas concentration reaches the peak value and the peak value of the concentration, which makes the hazard of the leakage accident increase significantly, and the direction of the leakage affects the range of the diffusion of H₂S gas cloud significantly, and the concentration of the H₂S cloud near the ground is larger when the leakage occurs vertically downward and the risk factor is extremely high. At the same time, a quantitative risk assessment model of H₂S diffusion under the highly coupled condition of ambient wind speed-leakage source was obtained by nonlinear fitting of simulation data based on ExpAssoc and Allometric1 models.

Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of various types of gas detectors as well as the existing domestic and foreign chemical plant area toxic gas detector arrangement of relevant laws and regulations, the Puguang gas field, a high sulfur gathering station existing H₂S detector arrangement program analysis, found that the H₂S gas detector using a fixed spacing arrangement method and the leak source of the experience of the arrangement method of the two combined arrangement, did not combine the actual situation of this station; this paper is based on a multi-scene Based on multi-scenario gas diffusion data, this paper analyzes the first landing time and distance of H₂S gas cloud under the height of 1-10m leakage source with the goal of minimizing the detection time, studies the horizontal distance of H₂S gas detector arrangement, and puts forward the improvement opinions on the existing regulations and ordinances.