随着工业化进程不断发展，对于燃料的需求不断加大，可燃气体和可燃液体在各行各业中得到了广泛的应用，其中，醇类燃料因其燃烧性能、动力性能、经济效益等方面的优点，成为替代石油燃料中的新希望。然而作为易燃易爆的危险化学品，醇类燃料在其调配、储运、使用等过程中，具有燃爆危险性，稍有不慎，就可能发生严重的灾害事故，给人类的生命、财产带来了威胁与损失。本文以甲醇汽油为研究对象，使用可燃气体/蒸气爆炸极限测试装置对M0（即0%的变性甲醇与100%的国标汽油混合，以此类推）、M25、M50、M75和M100甲醇汽油在40～120℃不同初始温度下的爆炸极限，以及CO₂和N₂惰化下的临界氧浓度等燃爆特性参数进行测定，以研究初始温度、甲醇体积分数以及惰性气体等因素对燃爆特性参数的影响，并基于CHEMKIN建立了一种预测任意配比的甲醇汽油在任意初始温度下的爆炸下限的模型，此外，研究了甲醇体积分数和惰性气体对甲醇汽油近下限爆炸链式反应的影响。

研究结果表明，随着甲醇汽油中甲醇体积分数的升高，爆炸上限和爆炸下限均升高，但下限的增长幅度小于爆炸上限，而爆炸危险度的变化趋势随甲醇体积分数一直在上下波动，爆炸危险度在M50时最大；随着初始温度的升高，甲醇汽油的爆炸下限均降低，且甲醇体积分数越高的甲醇汽油，其爆炸下限下降趋势越明显。

在N₂和CO₂惰化条件下，随着甲醇汽油中甲醇体积分数的增加，达到爆炸临界状态所需的惰性气体添加量也逐渐增加，并且N₂和CO₂添加量之间的差距也逐渐明显，添加 CO₂比 N₂对爆炸极限对应氧浓度的影响更大，从而提高临界氧浓度；且临界氧浓度均随着甲醇汽油中甲醇体积分数的增加而降低，说明甲醇含量越高的甲醇汽油受N₂和CO₂惰化的影响越大；添加CO₂后，甲醇汽油爆炸三角形的Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区以及Ⅲ区比添加N₂后的相应区域更小，添加CO₂后的Ⅳ区比N₂的更大；在相同惰化条件下，随着甲醇汽油中甲醇体积分数的增加，Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区和Ⅳ区的面积均不断扩大，Ⅲ区面积不断减小。

结合实验数据对理-查特列法则、按可燃物热值估算、科瓦德爆炸三角形法和热平衡法四种理论进行了验证，结果表明，对于甲醇汽油这类组分复杂且挥发分受温度影响大的混合物，前三种理论对爆炸极限和爆炸性的预测误差均较大，热平衡法因考虑了可燃物、氧气以及惰性气体对反应系统的热量贡献，因此对甲醇汽油爆炸性的预测更准确。

使用CHEMKIN建立甲醇汽油爆炸下限预测模型，首先，通过实验数据得到甲醇汽油在爆炸下限处的绝热压升拟合曲面方程，继而得到任意配比的甲醇汽油在任意初始温度时爆炸下限处的绝热压升值，再通过多次模拟得到对应的爆炸下限预测值，基于此预测模型对实验组进行预测，其平均误差为-0.66%，满足研究所需精度。

在甲醇汽油近下限爆炸链式反应中，影响自由基OH•（羟基）、CH₂O•（次甲基醚键）、CH₃•（甲基）、HCO•（甲酰基）生成的绝大多数基元反应的敏感性，均在M50即甲醇体积分数为50%时达到最大值；随着添加CO₂体积分数的增加，各自由基的关键基元反应敏感性系数基本呈现下降趋势；而随着添加N₂体积分数的增加，OH•、CH₂O•、HCO•的关键基元反应敏感性系数的变化趋势与CO₂的基本一致，CH₃•的相反，且N₂对敏感性的影响普遍比CO₂的更小；此外，从甲醇汽油的反应机理来看，CO₂所涉及的三体反应多于N₂，且在同一三体反应下，CO₂的效率高于N₂，CO₂的三体反应也更多涉及H•、O•、OH•这类高活性自由基，因此，CO₂惰化甲醇汽油燃爆的效果好于N₂。

本文充实了甲醇汽油燃爆特性参数的相关数据，为甲醇气油的安全使用提供一定的理论指导，并为CHEMKIN预测其他气体/液体蒸气爆炸极限提供了新的方法和思路。

With the continuous development of industrialization, the demand for fuels continues to increase. Combustible gases and combustible liquids have been widely used in various industries. Among them, alcohol fuels have advantages in combustion performance, power performance, and economic benefits and become a new hope in alternative petroleum fuels. However, as an inflammable and explosive chemical hazardous material, alcohol fuels have the risk of explosion during the deployment, storage, transportation, and use. If you are not careful, serious explosion accidents may occur, which will bring threats and losses to human lives and property. In this paper, methanol gasoline is used as the research object, and the explosion limit of M0 ( that is, 0% denatured methanol is mixed with 100% national standard gasoline, and so on), M25, M50, M75 and M100 methanol gasoline at different initial temperatures of 40～120℃ and the criticality of CO₂ and N₂ inerting are measured using a combustible gas/vapor explosion limit test device. The oxygen concentration parameters were tested to study the influence of initial temperature, methanol concentration, inert gas and other factors on the explosion limit of methanol gasoline. A model to predict the lower explosion limit of methanol gasoline was established with CHEMKIN, and the effect of N₂ and CO₂ on methanol gasoline was studied. The lower limit of the explosive chain reaction.

The research results show that as the proportion of methanol in methanol gasoline increases, the upper explosion limit and the lower explosion limit both increase, but the increase in the lower limit is less than the upper explosion limit, and the trend of explosion risk fluctuates with the volume fraction of methanol. The danger degree is greatest at M50; with the increase of the initial temperature, the lower explosion limit of methanol gasoline decreases, and the higher the methanol volume fraction of methanol gasoline, the more obvious the lower explosion limit decreases; the lower explosion limit of methanol gasoline and the volume of methanol are established.

Under N₂ and CO₂ inerting conditions, with the increase of methanol volume fraction in methanol gasoline, the amount of inert gas required to reach the critical state of explosion also gradually increases, and the gap between the amount of N₂ and CO₂ is also gradually obvious. CO₂ has a greater impact on the oxygen concentration corresponding to the explosion limit than N₂, thereby increasing the critical oxygen concentration; and the critical oxygen concentration decreases with the increase of methanol volume fraction in methanol gasoline, indicating that methanol gasoline with higher methanol content is affected by N₂ and CO₂ The greater the effect of inerting; after the addition of CO₂, methanol gasoline explosion triangle zone I (explosive zone), zone II (non-explosive zone with lower methanol gasoline vapor concentration) and zone III (non-explosive zone with lower oxygen concentration) It is smaller than the corresponding area after adding N₂, and the area of zone IV (safe zone) after adding CO₂ is larger than that of N₂; under the same inerting conditions, with the increase of methanol volume fraction in methanol gasoline, the areas of zone I, II and IV is constantly expanding, and the area of zone III is continuously decreasing.

Combined with the experimental data, the four theories of Le Chatlier rule, estimation by calorific value of fuel, Coward explosive triangle method, and thermal balance method were verified. The results show that the prediction errors of the first three theories for the explosion limit and explosivity of methanol gasoline mixture with complex components and volatile matter greatly affected by temperature are large, while the thermal balance method takes the heat contribution of fuel, oxygen and inert gas to the reaction system into account, so the prediction of methanol gasoline explosivity is more accurate.

Use CHEMKIN to establish a prediction model for the lower explosion limit of methanol gasoline. First, obtain the adiabatic pressure rise fitting equation of methanol gasoline at the lower explosion limit through experimental data, and then obtain the adiabatic pressure rise of methanol gasoline at any initial temperature at any initial temperature. The predicted value of the lower explosion limit is obtained through simulation. Based on this prediction model, the experimental group is predicted with an average error of -0.66%.

In the explosive chain reaction of methanol gasoline near the lower limit, the sensitivities of most elementary reactions affecting the formation of free radicals OH• (hydroxyl), CH₂O• (methylene ether bond), CH₃• (methyl) and HCO• (formyl) all reach the maximum at M50, that is, when the volume fraction of methanol is 50%. With the increase of the volume fraction of CO₂, the reaction sensitivity coefficients of the key elements of these four free radicals showed a downward trend; and with the increase of the volume fraction of N₂, the change trend of the key element reaction sensitivity coefficient of OH•, CH₂O•, HCO• is basically the same as that of CO₂, and that of CH₃• On the contrary, the influence of N₂ on sensitivity is generally smaller than that of CO₂; in addition, from the reaction mechanism of methanol gasoline, CO₂ involves more trisomy reactions than N₂, and under the same trisomy reaction, the efficiency of CO₂ Higher than N₂, the three-body reaction of CO₂ also involves more active free radicals such as H•, O•, and OH•. Therefore, CO₂ inerted methanol gasoline has a better blast effect than N₂.

This paper enriches the relevant data of methanol gasoline combustion and explosion characteristic parameters, provides certain theoretical guidance for the safe use of methanol gas oil, and provides a new method and idea for CHEMKIN to predict other gas / liquid vapor explosion limits.

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