中国既是煤炭资源主要生产国又是巨大的消耗国，由于经济和社会的快速发展以及石化资源分配减少，煤炭将始终主导着中国的能源消耗。煤样经水浸后其自燃特性会发生改变，为明确水浸过程对煤体自燃的影响，确定水浸过程引起的煤样放热特性变化规律，本文通过系列实验探索了水浸干燥烟煤放热特性与微观结构的变化规律。通过对比分析水浸过程对煤体孔隙结构的影响；采用热学性能分析法分段研究了水浸过程对煤样热学参数的影响；同时衡量了煤样升温过程主要活性官能团的红外光谱变化，确定了水浸过程中微观结构对煤样放热特性的影响规律。结果表明： 水浸干燥煤样比表面积较原煤有所减小，水浸后煤样的平均孔径都有不同程度的增加。水浸过程无法改变煤样的孔隙形状。水浸后所有实验煤样不同孔径对应的孔容及累计孔容均有所增加，变质程度越高，增加幅度越大。水浸过程对微孔及小孔的扩径作用最大。煤样经水浸溶胀后孔径较小的孔隙形状更加有序，高压段的分形维数基本高于低压段的分形维数，不同煤样经水浸后孔隙复杂程度不统一。 原煤的高位吸附温度、着火温度高于水浸干燥煤。但临界温度低于水浸干燥煤，大部分水浸干燥煤的燃尽温度都高于原煤。水浸干燥煤的干裂温度与原煤相比存在部分升高，部分下降的现象。水浸干燥煤的最大失重速率点温度与原煤相比未形成统一的规律。煤样初始放热温度位于干裂温度附近，终止放热温度均在最大失重速率点温度与燃尽温度范围内，水浸过程会对不同煤样初始放热温度有不同的影响。 在潜伏阶段S1内，水浸干燥煤样从外界吸收的热量低于原煤。水浸干燥煤样的游离羟基、分子内氢键含量的平均值高于原煤，水浸过程促进低变质程度煤样生成亚甲基，甲基在此阶段参与煤氧反应程度较高，煤样中芳香环中C=C键含量变化规律不统一。储热蒸发阶段S2内，大部分水浸干燥煤样放热量均高于原煤。游离羟基、分子内羟基的含量随温度升高而增加，亚甲基含量与温度呈现正相关趋势，甲基含量高于阶段S1但含量随温度的升高增速降低，芳香环中C=C键含量高于阶段S1。受热分解阶段S3内，实验煤样吸放热不统一。此时游离羟基的生成量大于消耗量。大部分煤样分子内氢键含量的增加幅度与阶段S2相差较小。亚甲基、甲基中的C-H键在此阶段不断生成但分解的也较多，芳香环中C=C键含量的增速大幅变慢。在剧烈燃烧阶段S4内，水浸干燥煤在此阶段的放热量与变质程度的变化规律不明显。在燃尽阶段S5内，煤体放热量甚微，煤温的升高依靠外界的热量。

China is both a major producer and a huge consumer of coal resources. Due to the rapid economic and social development and the reduction of petrochemical resources allocation, coal will always dominate Chinese energy consumption. The spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal sample will change after water immersion. In order to clarify the influence of water immersion on coal spontaneous combustion and determine the change rule of coal sample exothermic characteristics caused by water immersion process, this paper explores the change rule of exothermic characteristics and microstructures of dried water-immersed bituminous coal through a series of experiments. By comparing and analyzing the influence of water immersion process on pore structure of coal body, the influence of water immersion process on thermal parameters of coal sample was studied by thermal performance analysis method. At the same time, the infrared spectrum changes of main active functional groups in the coal sample heating process were measured, and the rule of influence of microstructure on exothermic characteristics of coal sample during water immersion process was determined. The results show that: The specific surface area of the dried water-immersed coal sample is smaller than that of the raw coal, and the average pore size of the coal sample after water-immersion is increased in varying degrees. Water immersion process cannot change the pore shape of coal samples. The pore volume and cumulative pore volume of all experimental coal samples with different pore sizes increased after water immersion. The higher the degree of metamorphism, the greater the increase. The water immersion process has the greatest effect on the enlargement of micropore. The pore shape of coal samples with smaller pore size is more orderly after water immersion swelling. The fractal dimension of high-pressure section is higher than that of low-pressure section. The pore complexity of different coal samples after water immersion is not uniform. The high adsorption temperature and ignition temperature of raw coal are higher than those of dried water-immersed coal. However, the critical temperature is lower than that of dried water-immersed coal, and the burnout temperature of most dried water-immersed coals are higher than that of raw coal. Compared with the raw coal, the dry cracking temperature of the water-immersed drying coal increases partly and decreases partly. Compared with the original coal, the maximum weight loss rate point temperature of dried water-immersed coal has not formed a uniform law. The initial exothermic temperature of coal samples is near the dry cracking temperature, and the termination exothermic temperature is within the range of maximum weight loss rate point temperature and burnout temperature. The water immersion process has different effects on the initial exothermic temperature of different coal samples. In the latent stage S1, the heat absorbed by the dried water-immersed coal from the outside is lower than that of the raw coal. The average content of free hydroxyl group and intramolecular hydrogen bond in dried water-immersed coal samples is higher than that of raw coal. The water immersion process promotes the formation of methylene in low metamorphic coal samples. Methyl participates in the coal-oxygen reaction at this stage, and the variation of C=C bond content in aromatic rings of coal samples is not uniform. In the stage of heat storage and evaporation, the heat release of most of the dried water-immersed coal samples in S2 is higher than that of raw coal. The content of free hydroxyl and intramolecular hydroxyl increases with the increase of temperature. The content of methylene is positively correlated with temperature. The content of methyl is higher than that of stage S1 but decreased with the increase of temperature. The content of C=C bond in the aromatic ring is higher than that of stage S1. In the thermal decomposition stage of S3, the heat absorption and release of the experimental coal samples are not uniform. At this time, the production of free hydroxyl group is greater than the consumption. The increase range of hydrogen bond content in most coal samples is smaller than that in stage S2 C-H bonds in methylene and methyl are formed continuously but decomposed more. The increase of C=C bond content in aromatic rings is slowed down greatly. During the intense combustion stage S4, the change of heat release and metamorphism degree of water-immersed dry coal is not obvious. During the burnout stage of S5, the heat released from coal body is very little, and the increase of coal temperature depends on the external heat.