随着矿井开采扰动，煤中瓦斯瞬间解吸运移至巷道中，易引起瓦斯事故，对煤高效安全生产造成威胁。煤层瓦斯含量作为预测瓦斯灾害及瓦斯储量的基础参数，直接法是测定煤层瓦斯含量的常用方法，其测定准确性会受到取样工艺的影响，目前井下多采用负压引射技术取样。因此研究负压环境下煤的瓦斯解吸规律，对准确估算煤层瓦斯含量具有重要意义。论文结合实验与理论研究，探讨不同变质程度、温度、粒径及负压对煤的瓦斯解吸动力学影响特性，分析多因素交互作用下煤的瓦斯解吸动力学敏感性。

采用自主研发的煤的瓦斯负压解吸实验装置，开展了不同变质程度、粒径、温度及负压作用下煤的瓦斯解吸实验。通过分析实验结果，得到负压环境下，多因素对煤的瓦斯解吸量、解吸速率及解吸率的影响规律。煤的瓦斯累计解吸量随变质程度增加先减小后增大，随粒径减小、负压增大而增大，随温度升高而减小；变质程度增加，煤的瓦斯最大解吸速率增大，解吸率减小，原因与煤化过程中，孔隙结构演变有关。煤的瓦斯最大解吸速率、解吸率随粒径减小、温度升高、负压增大而增大，由于减小粒径增大了孔隙开放程度，升高温度增大瓦斯动能，加快其热运动速度，增大负压，为瓦斯流动提供动力，从而促进瓦斯解吸。

选用准一级动力学模型、准二级动力学模型、动态扩散模型、秦跃平式以及Elovich模型等五种瓦斯解吸模型对实验数据拟合，得到负压环境下煤的瓦斯解吸动力学特性。分析了不同变质程度、粒径、温度及负压作用下准一级速率常数K₁、准二级速率常数K₂、扩散系数D、衰减系数β、极限解吸量A、解吸速率常数B、初始解吸速率常数a以及解吸常数b等解吸动力学参数的变化规律。本实验条件下，秦跃平式相比于其他四种模型拟合效果最好，可准确表征煤的瓦斯解吸过程。变质程度增加，解吸速率常数B先增大后减小，极限解吸量A先减小后增大；粒径减小，极限解吸量A、解吸速率常数B增大；温度升高，解吸速率常数B增大，极限解吸量A减小；负压增大，极限解吸量A、解吸速率常数B增大。

通过响应面法进行方案设计开展不同因素对煤的瓦斯解吸动力学特性交互影响实验，分析负压与变质程度、粒径及温度交互作用对瓦斯解吸动力学参数的影响显著性。负压与变质程度、粒径、温度交互作用对极限解吸量A的影响要比对解吸速率常数B的影响更为显著。

论文为完善煤的瓦斯解吸规律理论体系，精准测定矿井瓦斯含量并做好煤矿瓦斯灾害预测，及时采取有效措施消除瓦斯灾害提供一定理论依据。

With the disturbance of mine mining, the gas in coal is instantly desorbed and transported to the roadway, which is easy to cause gas accidents and threaten the safe production of coal efficiently. The direct method is a common method to determine the gas content of coal seam as a basic parameter to predict the gas disaster and gas reserves, and its determination accuracy will be affected by the sampling process, currently the underground mostly adopts the negative pressure priming technology to take samples. Therefore, it is important to study the gas desorption law of coal under negative pressure environment to accurately estimate the gas content of coal seam. The paper combines experimental and theoretical studies to investigate the effects of different degrees of metamorphism, temperature, particle size and negative pressure on the gas desorption kinetics of coal, and to analyze the sensitivity of gas desorption kinetics of coal under the interaction of multiple factors.

The gas desorption experiments of coal under different degrees of metamorphism, grain size, temperature and negative pressure were carried out using the self-developed negative pressure desorption experimental apparatus. The experimental results were analyzed to obtain the influence of multiple factors on the amount, rate and rate of gas desorption of coal under negative pressure. The cumulative gas desorption of coal decreases and then increases with the increase of metamorphism, increases with the decrease of particle size and negative pressure, and decreases with the increase of temperature; the maximum rate of gas desorption of coal increases and the desorption rate decreases with the increase of metamorphism, which is related to the evolution of pore structure during the process of coalification. The maximum desorption rate and desorption rate of coal increase with decreasing particle size, increasing temperature, and increasing negative pressure, because decreasing particle size increases pore opening, increasing temperature increases kinetic energy of gas, accelerates its thermal movement, increases negative pressure, and provides power for gas flow, thus promoting gas desorption.

Five gas desorption models, including quasi primary kinetic model, quasi secondary kinetic model, dynamic diffusion model, Qin Yueping model and Elovich model, were selected to fit the experimental data to obtain the kinetic characteristics of gas desorption in coal under negative pressure. The changes of desorption kinetic parameters such as quasi primary rate constant K₁, quasi secondary rate constant K₂, diffusion coefficient D, decay coefficient β, ultimate desorption amount A, desorption rate constant B, initial desorption rate constant a and desorption constant b under different degrees of metamorphism, particle size, temperature and negative pressure were analyzed. Under the present experimental conditions, the Qingyueping model fits best compared with the other four models and can accurately characterize the gas desorption process of coal. As the degree of metamorphism increases, the desorption rate constant B increases and then decreases, and the ultimate desorption amount A decreases and then increases; as the particle size decreases, the ultimate desorption amount A and the desorption rate constant B increase; as the temperature increases, the desorption rate constant B increases and the ultimate desorption amount A decreases; as the negative pressure increases, the ultimate desorption amount A and the desorption rate constant B increase.

The interaction effect of different factors on gas desorption kinetic properties of coal was carried out by response surface methodology to analyze the significance of the interaction between negative pressure and degree of metamorphism, particle size and temperature on gas desorption kinetic parameters. The effect of negative pressure interacting with the degree of metamorphism, particle size and temperature on the ultimate desorption amount A is more significant than that on the desorption rate constant B.

The paper provides a theoretical basis for improving the theoretical system of gas desorption law of coal, determining the gas content of mine accurately and predicting the gas disaster in coal mines, and taking effective measures to eliminate the gas disaster in time.

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