~建筑节能窗在新建住宅中大量应用，约占房屋总面积的20％，具有采光足、视野好等特点，然而因其脆弱性和安全性较差等特点，已成为建筑火灾研究重要内容。在火灾场景中，建筑节能窗填充的密封条在热荷载作用下燃烧失效可能导致整窗产生破裂和脱落现象，形成火焰蔓延通道。因此，建筑节能窗耐火特性对室外火灾蔓延至室内具有重要影响。本文以建筑节能窗填充的密封条为出发点，结合建筑节能窗实体燃烧实验、数值模拟等方法对火灾环境下建筑节能窗耐火性能展开研究，揭示其耐火失效的影响因素，旨在为建筑节能窗材料优化和组成系统选型提供理论基础。
密封条燃烧特性研究方面，通过热重实验，探究了建筑节能窗常用的2类典型密封材料三元乙丙胶条和膨胀石墨条燃烧过程，分别求得了样品组分，揭示了升温速率对其热解行为的影响，采用多升温速率FWO法求解了密封条裂解阶段和燃烧阶段活化能。此外，通过锥形量热实验，研究了2类密封条的燃烧特性，采用高速摄像机对放置于改造后的箱式电阻炉中的密封条烟气蔓延规律和形态变化进行了研究。结果表明，在热荷载作用下，三元乙丙胶条向内凹陷并释放大量烟气；膨胀石墨条向外膨胀生成大量蠕虫状物质，膨胀倍率越高，生成的蠕虫状物质更加致密。
针对建筑节能窗耐火性，本文研究了65系列两玻单腔结构铝合金和塑钢两种建筑节能内平开窗耐火失效特性，利用数值模拟软件FDS对不同工况下的建筑节能窗耐火特性进行模拟计算，并将模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比验证。研究表明，当建筑节能窗采用铝合金型材时，导致建筑节能窗失去完整性是因为密封条燃烧失效，采用塑钢型材时，导致建筑节能窗失去完整性是因为外框型材受热发生变形。本研究运用实体燃烧试验和数值模拟方法，在研究了密封条的燃烧特性的基础上分析了其对建筑节能窗耐火性能的影响特性，确定了不同类型建筑节能窗耐火失效的主导因素，研究成果为科学预判建筑节能窗在火场中耐火失效特性提供理论支撑。

~Building energy-saving windows are widely used in new residential buildings, about 20% lor='red'>of the total area lor='red'>of the house, it has the characteristics lor='red'>of sufficient lighting and good vision. However, because lor='red'>of its fragility and poor safety, it has become an important part lor='red'>of building fire research. In fire scenarios, the sealing strip filled in the building energy-saving window fails under the action lor='red'>of thermal load, resulting in the cracking and falling lor='red'>off lor='red'>of the whole window. forms a flame spread channel. Therefore, the fire-resistance characteristics lor='red'>of building energy-saving windows have an important influence on the spread lor='red'>of outdoor fires to indoors. this paper takes the sealing strip filled in the building energy-saving window as the starting point, combined with the methods lor='red'>of physical combustion experiment and numerical simulation lor='red'>of building energy-saving windows, the fire resistance performance lor='red'>of building energy-saving windows under fire environment is studied. Reveal the influencing factors lor='red'>of its refractory failure, it aims to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization lor='red'>of building energy-saving window materials and the selection lor='red'>of composition systems.
In the research lor='red'>of the combustion characteristics lor='red'>of the sealing strip, through thermogravimetric experiments, the pyrolysis characteristics lor='red'>of two typical sealing materials, EPDM strips and expanded graphite strips, which are commonly used in building energy-saving windows, were explored. The components lor='red'>of the samples were obtained separately, revealing the effect lor='red'>of the heating rate on their pyrolysis behavior, the activation energies lor='red'>of the cracking and combustion stages lor='red'>of the sealing strip were solved by the multi-heating rate FWO method. In addition, through cone calorimetry experiments, the combustion characteristics lor='red'>of two types lor='red'>of sealing strips were studied, a high-speed camera was used to study the spread law and shape change lor='red'>of the gas seals placed in the reformed box-type resistance furnace. The results show that under the action lor='red'>of heat load, the EPDM strip sags inward and releases a lot lor='red'>of smoke; the expanded graphite strip expands outward to generate a large number lor='red'>of worm-like substances. the higher the expansion ratio, the denser the worm-like substances.
In view lor='red'>of the fire resistance lor='red'>of building energy-saving windows, this paper studies the fire-resistance failure characteristics lor='red'>of 65 series two-glass single-chamber structure aluminum alloy and plastic steel windows building energy-saving inner casement windows. the numerical simulation slor='red'>oftware FDS is used to simulate and calculate the fire resistance characteristics lor='red'>of building energy-saving windows under different working conditions. the simulation results are compared with the experimental results. Research shows that, When the building energy-saving windows are made lor='red'>of aluminum alloy prlor='red'>ofiles, the integrity lor='red'>of the building energy-saving windows is lost due to the burning failure lor='red'>of the sealing strips. When plastic steel prlor='red'>ofiles are used, the building energy-saving windows lose their integrity because the outer frame prlor='red'>ofiles are deformed by heat. This study uses object combustion test and numerical simulation method to analyze its influence on the fire resistance lor='red'>of building energy-saving windows on the basis lor='red'>of studying the combustion characteristics lor='red'>of the sealing strip. The dominant factors lor='red'>of fire-resistance failure lor='red'>of different types lor='red'>of building energy-saving windows are determined, and the research results provide theoretical support for scientifically predicting the fire-resistance failure characteristics lor='red'>of building energy-saving windows in a fire field.

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