<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;黄土高原土壤侵蚀严重，是风水复合侵蚀发生的典型地区，泾河流域位于黄土高原腹地，是黄河流域土壤侵蚀最严重的区域之一，深入研究该流域生态系统土壤保持服务及其供需关系问题，对推动生态重建、流域综合管理和可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以泾河流域为研究区，利用SWAT水文模型和RWEQ风蚀模型分别模拟2000-2020年泾河流域水力和风力土壤保持服务量，并通过实地采样测定土壤理化指标，完善模型土壤数据库，最后定量化分析土壤保持服务的供需关系和盈亏态势。主要结论如下：</p> <p>（1）从2000-2020年泾河流域水力土壤保持服务得到明显提升。期间2011-2020年优于2000-2010年，并且降水与水力土壤保持量具有极强的相关性。但是流域下游地区仍有个别地域未升反降。</p> <p>（2）2000-2020年泾河流域风力土壤保持服务总量呈螺旋式降低趋势。植被恢复以及有效的防风固沙措施，使风力侵蚀减弱，造成生态系统潜在的土壤风蚀量下降。</p> <p>（3）泾河流域生态系统土壤保持服务功能显著提升，但由于水力侵蚀与风力侵蚀时空差异显著，造成生态系统土壤保持服务整体上呈波动式增加趋势。而且，每年的水力土壤保持服务量大于风力土壤保持服务量。</p> <p>（4）从土壤保持服务供需关系看，泾河流域内土壤保持服务总体上盈余。表明流域能够达到土壤保持服务供需平衡，已基本上实现&ldquo;扭亏为盈&rdquo;。但还存在亏损区，需要加强生态恢复措施。同时，盈余区也应该建立生态系统服务功能保护与提升的长效机制。</p>

<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;The Loess Plateau with severe soil erosion is a typical area where complex erosion by wind and water occurs. The Jinghe River Basin is located in the hinterland of the Loess Plateau, and is one of the areas with the most serious soil erosion in the Yellow River Basin. In-depth study of the ecosystem soil conservation services and their supply-demand relationship in the basin is of great significance to promote ecological reconstruction, watershed comprehensive management and sustainable development. Taking the Jinghe River Basin as the study area, it is used the SWAT hydrological model and RWEQ wind erosion model of soil to simulate the ecosystem soil conservation services of hydraulic erosion and wind erosion in the Jinghe River Basin from 2000 to 2020 respectively, with measuring soil physical and chemical indicators through field sampling to improve the soil database of two models. Finally, the supply-demand relationship and profit &amp; loss situation of soil conservation services was quantitatively analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows:</p> <p>(1) From 2000 to 2020, the soil conservation services of hydraulic erosion in the Jinghe River Basin have been significantly improved. The period of 2011-2020 was better than that of 2000-2010, and there was a strong correlation between the precipitation and hydraulic soil conservation. However, there were still some areas in the lower reaches of the basin that have not risen but fallen.</p> <p>(2) From 2000 to 2020, the total amount of soil conservation services for wind erosion in the Jinghe River Basin showed declining trend. Vegetation restoration and effective sand-fixing and wind-proof measures have weakened the wind erosion, giving rise to decrease in the soil potential amount of wind erosion in the basin ecosystem.</p> <p>(3) The soil conservation service function of the ecosystem in the Jinghe River Basin was significantly improved. However, due to the significant spatial and temporal differences between hydraulic erosion and wind erosion, the ecosystem soil conservation service had a fluctuating increase as a whole. Moreover, annual soil conservation services of hydraulic erosion were more than that of the wind erosion.</p> <p>(4) From the perspective of the supply and demand relationship of ecosystem soil conservation services, there was an overall surplus of soil conservation services in the Jinghe River Basin. It shows that the basin ecosystem can achieve a balance between supply and demand of soil conservation services , and has basically achieved &quot;turning losses into profits&quot;. However, there are still some loss-making areas, where ecological restoration measures need to be strengthened. At the same time, it is in the areas with soil conservation services surplus that a long-term mechanism to protect and promote its ecosystem services should also be established.</p>

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