液态CO₂致裂凭借高效、清洁等优势成为近年来煤层增透技术研究的热点，其首要作用机制为温度交变作用下煤体热诱导破裂。然而，液态CO₂温度、相变潜热较低，热应力作用范围有限，进而促使煤体增透有效区域较小。因此本文采用液态CO₂-高温蒸汽协同致裂煤层技术，通过搭建液态CO₂-高温蒸汽协同冲击实验平台，研究冷热冲击过程类钻孔煤体温度、应变、损伤演化特征，结合COMSOL软件探究液态CO₂-高温蒸汽协同冲击过程煤体温度、应变作用范围。

利用红外热成像检测仪，定量分析液态CO₂-高温蒸汽冲击过程煤体孔壁、孔底区域x、y、z方向温度演化规律。结果表明：冷热冲击过程中，干燥煤样温度扩散集中且剧烈，饱水煤样则为均匀且迟缓，表明裂隙水会吸收、储存热量，促使温度扩散更为均匀，但会堵塞低温介质运移通道，降低温度扩散效率；根据孔底、孔壁区域x、y、z三个方向温度演化曲线，得到煤体温度与其至冲击点间距呈负相关；冷冲击过程中，低温场扩散集中在煤体下侧，热冲击过程中高温场集中在上侧，位于液态CO₂、高温蒸汽注入孔中间区域温度演化幅值最大，即冷热介质运移方向对煤体温度扩散影响显著；

通过DIC散斑监测系统，分析液态CO₂-高温蒸汽冲击过程煤体孔壁、孔底区域x、y、z方向应变演化规律。结果表明：液态CO₂-高温蒸汽协同致裂过程中，煤体表层应变均呈膨胀、收缩变形交错分布趋势，冷冲击过程煤体整体呈收缩变形，热冲击过程煤样呈膨胀变形，这表明内部原始裂隙、不同矿物颗粒分布对煤体应变演化特征影响显著；煤体孔底、孔壁区域x、y、z三个方向应变演化幅值随其到冲击点的距离增加而减小，煤体宏观变形最大值集中在液态CO₂、高温蒸汽注入通道对应孔底区域；饱水煤样各方向应变演化幅值呈现均匀、轻微特征，干燥煤样则为集中且剧烈，即裂隙水在影响温度扩散，进而影响应变演化特征同时，具有一定缓冲作用延缓了变形进程。

通过非金属超声波检测仪，探究液态CO₂-高温蒸汽冲击前后煤体孔壁、孔底区域x、y、z方向波速衰减率演化特征，此外，通过扫描电子显微镜观测冷热冲击前后煤体表明裂隙形貌演化。结果表明：煤体各测点波速衰减率均有一定提升，表明低温液态CO₂-高温蒸汽协同致裂过程煤体孔隙不断延伸，逐渐形成裂隙，并产生大量新生孔隙；波速衰减率演化与煤体煤体温度扩散、变形趋势具有强相关性；冷热冲击前后，平行层理方向煤样形貌破坏主要体现在层理脱落以及“三翼型”裂隙新生，垂直层理方向煤样形貌破坏主要体现为原始层理裂隙发育及层理边缘脱落。

基于实验室研究成果，利用COMSOL软件实现低温液态CO₂-高温蒸汽协同冲击过程温度、应变有效作用范围确定。模拟结果表明：冷热冲击过程中，数值计算中煤体孔底、孔壁区域x、y、z轴方向温度演化与实验结果相符；冲击过程中，煤体孔底、孔壁区域温度有效作用体积比随冲击时间增加而提升，冲击结束时分别为：14.032%、4.519%；孔壁、孔壁区域变形有效作用体积比随冲击时间增加呈“升-降-升”趋势，冲击结束时分别为：0.181%、0.047%；冷热冲击过程中，煤体孔壁区域温度、应变作用范围均小于孔底区域，即孔底区域在冷热介质初始冲击压力下，温度、应变有效作用范围显著提升。

本文采用液态CO₂-高温蒸汽协同冲击煤层增透技术，探究液态CO₂-高温蒸汽协同冲击下煤体温度、应变、损伤特征演化规律，为液态CO₂-高温蒸汽协同冲击煤层增透技术工程应用提供一定理论依据。

Liquid CO₂ fracturing, with its high efficiency and cleanliness, has become a hot topic in recent years in the research of coal seam permeability enhancement techniques. Its primary mechanism of action is thermal-induced fracturing of the coal mass under temperature alternation. However, the temperature of liquid CO₂ and its latent heat of phase change are relatively low, leading to a relatively small range of thermal stress effects. Therefore, this paper adopts the technique of liquid CO₂-high temperature steam co-fracturing coal seams. By setting up an experimental platform for liquid CO₂-high temperature steam co-impact, the temperature, strain, and damage evolution characteristics of the coal body near boreholes during the cold and hot shock process are studied. Additionally, the COMSOL software is used to explore the range of temperature and strain effects during the liquid CO₂-high temperature steam co-impact process on the coal body.

Using an infrared thermal imaging detector, the temperature evolution in the x, y, and z directions of the coal body wall and bottom areas during the liquid CO₂-high temperature steam shock process was quantitatively analyzed. The results show that during the cold and hot shock process, the temperature diffusion in the dry coal sample is concentrated and intense, while in the saturated coal sample, it is uniform and slow. This indicates that fracture water absorbs and stores heat, leading to more uniform temperature diffusion. However, it blocks the low-temperature medium migration channel, reducing the efficiency of temperature diffusion. According to the temperature evolution curves in the x, y, and z directions at the bottom and wall areas of the borehole, the temperature of the coal body is negatively correlated with its distance to the impact point. During the cold shock process, the low-temperature field is concentrated on the underside of the coal body, while during the hot shock process, the high-temperature field is concentrated on the upper side. The middle area between the liquid CO₂ and high-temperature steam injection holes has the largest temperature evolution amplitude, indicating that the direction of cold and hot medium migration significantly affects the temperature diffusion in the coal body.

Through the DIC speckle monitoring system, the strain evolution in the x, y, and z directions of the coal body wall and bottom areas during the liquid CO₂-high temperature steam shock process was analyzed. The results show that during the liquid CO₂-high temperature steam co-fracturing process, the surface strain of the coal body alternates between expansion and contraction, indicating significant effects of the internal original fractures and different mineral particle distributions on the strain evolution characteristics of the coal body. The strain evolution amplitude in the x, y, and z directions at the bottom and wall areas of the coal body decreases with increasing distance from the impact point, with the maximum macroscopic deformation of the coal body concentrated at the bottom area corresponding to the liquid CO₂ and high-temperature steam injection channels. The strain evolution amplitude in all directions of the saturated coal sample shows uniform and slight characteristics, while in the dry coal sample, it is concentrated and intense. This indicates that fracture water not only affects temperature diffusion but also has a buffering effect that delays the deformation process.

Using a non-metallic ultrasonic detector, the wave velocity attenuation rate evolution characteristics in the x, y, and z directions of the coal body wall and bottom areas before and after the liquid CO₂-high temperature steam shock were explored. Additionally, the evolution of fracture morphology before and after cold and hot shocks was observed with a scanning electron microscope. The results show that the wave velocity attenuation rate at each measurement point of the coal body increased, indicating continuous extension of coal body pores, gradual formation of fractures, and generation of numerous new pores during the low-temperature liquid CO₂-high temperature steam co-fracturing process. The evolution of wave velocity attenuation rate is strongly correlated with the trends of coal body temperature diffusion and deformation. Before and after the cold and hot shocks, the destruction of the coal sample morphology in the direction parallel to the bedding mainly manifested as bedding detachment and the generation of "trilateral" fractures, while in the direction perpendicular to the bedding, it mainly showed development of original bedding fractures and edge detachment.

Based on laboratory research results, the COMSOL software was used to determine the effective range of temperature and strain during the low-temperature liquid CO₂-high temperature steam co-impact process. The simulation results show that during the cold and hot shock process, the numerical calculation of temperature evolution in the x, y, and z-axis directions in the bottom and wall areas of the coal body is consistent with the experimental results. During the shock process, the effective volume ratio of temperature in the bottom and wall areas of the coal body increases with shock time, reaching 14.032% and 4.519% at the end of the shock, respectively. The effective volume ratio of deformation in the wall and bottom areas follows a "rise-fall-rise" trend with increasing shock time, reaching 0.181% and 0.047% at the end of the shock, respectively.

This paper adopts liquid CO₂ - high temperature steam synergistic impact coal seam penetration technology, to explore the liquid CO₂ - high temperature steam synergistic impact under the coal body temperature, strain, damage characteristics of the evolution of the law, for the liquid CO₂ - high temperature steam synergistic impact coal seam penetration technology engineering applications to provide a certain theoretical basis.

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