陕北侏罗纪煤田近距浅埋煤层多年的研究和结果表明，其大多为煤层群开采，具有埋深浅、薄基岩、地表厚风积沙覆盖层的赋存特点。以往多采用房柱式开采，形成了大量房柱式采空区，而近距煤层群开采动压灾害显现明显。本文以理论分析、物理相似模拟实验及数值模拟等研究方法，对房柱式采空区下覆岩结构、煤柱稳定性、顶板应力分布、应力传递及动压防治等问题进行了研究。 通过物理相似模拟试实验揭示了宽煤柱下3-1煤开采顶板破断动压机理，由于房柱采空区内残留煤柱的存在，关键层在推进方向上受力不均匀，当关键层断裂位置位于残留煤柱下方时，关键层易发生滑落失稳；当关键层断裂位置位于两残留煤柱之间的采空区下方时，关键层已发生回转失稳。利用FLAC3D数值软件模拟了在3.4m房柱和15m隔离煤柱下，对2-2煤层进行了回采，发现在3-1煤层上方5m~10m的范围内，应力曲线波动明显减弱，直接顶上部(0~6m)受煤柱集中应力的影响较小，而直接顶上部(6~15m)的关键层受到上部残留煤柱影响较明显，2-2煤层残留煤柱影响深度约为27m。通过相应影响因素确定了支架的工作阻力。 分析了深孔预爆预防动压机理，提出了动压力防治技术，井下采用KJ959微震监测系统，地面采用存储式YTZ-3地震仪，在3302工作面过上覆房柱采空区煤柱进行了预爆破，根据微震监测系统监测的微震事件定位，推断了预爆影响范围，在现场取得了良好的预防效果。

Jurassic coalfields in shallow seam near years of research and results show that the number of coal mining, the main feature is the occurrence of shallow buried depth, thin bedrock and thick sand layer. In the past using room and pillar mining method is backward, the formation of a large number of room and pillar goaf, and close seam group the dynamic pressure of mining disasters has obvious. Based on the theoretical analysis, physical simulation method and numerical simulation experiment, the room and pillar mining overburden structure space, the stability of coal pillar, roof stress distribution, stress transfer and dynamic pressure control problem was studied. Through the physical simulation experiment reveals wide coal pillar under 3-1 coal mining roof breaking mechanism of dynamic pressure, because the real column mining residual coal pillar in mined out area, the key layer in the advancing direction of uneven force, when the key stratum is located in residual coal pillar below, the key layer easy to be slipped instability; when the key stratum is located between two residual coal pillar under the goaf, the key layer has been simulated. Rotary instability in 3.4m columns and 15m isolation pillar by FLAC3D numerical simulation software of 2-2 coal seam mining, found in the range of 3-1 over the coal seam in the 5m~10m should be force fluctuation curve Significantly decreased (0~6m) by the upper immediate roof coal pillar stress concentration is smaller, and directly overhead (6~15m) key layer by the upper residual coal pillar effect is obvious, 2-2 coal seam residual coal pillar affected depth is about 27m. by the corresponding impact factors to determine the working resistance of support. Analysis of the prevention mechanism of dynamic pressure blasting deep hole pre, put forward dynamic pressure control technology, using KJ959 underground microseismic monitoring system, the ground uses storage YTZ-3 seismic instrument, in 3301 working face overburden pillar goaf of coal pillar was pre blasting, according to the micro seismic event location monitoring, inference. Pre detonation impact range, has good prevention effect in the field.