采空区遗煤自燃是矿井生产面临的主要灾害之一，尤其是大倾角煤层综放开采过程中面临采空区丢煤量大、遗煤分布不均匀、工作面推进缓慢以及采空区漏风严重等问题，煤自燃危险性更加突出。本文以王家山煤矿大倾角煤层中二401综放面为对象，对采空区煤自燃规律及防治技术开展研究。

通过程序升温实验，对该煤层煤样进行氧化升温研究，进而测算煤样放热强度、耗氧速率以及煤自燃极限参数，并确定出该煤层自燃指标气体及预警指标。通过搭建相似模拟实验台，对大倾角煤层在开采过程中沿走向和倾向的采空区空间分布和遗煤分布情况进行研究，在沿倾向推进的过程中，遗留顶煤垮落后向工作面中下部区域滚滑堆积，主要集中在工作面中下部区域，结合现场观测，推算出采空区遗煤分布情况为在工作面中部，遗煤分布厚度自采空区低位处到高位处逐渐减少，回风侧遗煤厚度为1.97m；进风侧遗煤厚度为1.5m。通过现场观测结合数值模拟采空区氧气浓度分布规律，综合确定出采空区煤自燃氧化升温带范围，进风侧：39.5m~63m；回风侧：18m~55.5m，同时计算出工作面最小安全推进速度为0.58m/d。

基于数值模拟方法，通过设置不同工况注氮条件，分析采空区氧气分布规律，确定出采空区最佳注氮位置为距工作面进风侧30m处，最佳注氮流量为500m³/h。结合中二401综放面实际情况，提出了以监测、预防为主导，异常区域重点控制的综合性防灭火技术体系，保障了工作面的安全回采。研究结果为类似煤层开采的防灭火工作具有借鉴意义。

Spontaneous combustion of coal left in the mining areas is one of the main hazards of mine production. In the process of integrated mining of large inclined coal seams, there are problems such as large amount of lost coal and uneven distribution of coal left in the mining area, slow advancement of the working face and serious air leakage in the mining area. The risk of spontaneous combustion of coal is more prominent, and the prevention of fire extinguishing in the mining area of large inclined coal seams is particularly important. In this paper, the spontaneous combustion of coal in the mining area is analysed and studied at the Middle No.401 comprehensive release face in the large inclined coal seam of Wangjiashan coal mine.

The oxygen consumption rate, exothermic intensity and coal spontaneous combustion limit parameters of the coal samples from this seam were analysed and studied through programmed temperature rise experiments, and the indicator gases and critical values for this seam were determined. The spatial distribution of the mined-out area along strike and dip and the distribution of residual coal are studied by building a similar simulation test bed. In the process of advancing along the inclination of the working face, the leftover top coal rolls, and accumulates in the lower area of the working face after collapsing, mainly concentrated in the middle and lower area of the working face; combined with the on-site observation of the coal left in the mining area, the distribution of the coal left in the mining area is deduced as follows: in the middle of the working face, the distribution thickness of residual coal gradually increases from the high position to the bottom position of goaf and finally accumulates in the lower part of goaf; The thickness of residual coal on the return air side reaches 1.97m; The thickness of residual coal on the air inlet side reaches 1.5m. By laying a beam pipe on the inlet side of the site to observe and analyse the oxygen concentration in the mining area, and comparing with the numerical simulation of the oxygen concentration on the inlet side of the mining area to verify, the final determination of the danger zone of coal spontaneous combustion in the mining area was made.The final determination of the risk area of coal spontaneous combustion in the mining area is 18m~55.5m on the return side and 39.5m~63m on the inlet side.At the same time, based on the maximum width of the oxidation zone in the mining area, the minimum safe advance speed of the working face was calculated to be 0.58m/d.

Finally, based on the numerical simulation method, by setting up different working conditions of nitrogen injection, analyzing the law of oxygen distribution in the mining area, the best location for nitrogen injection in the mining area is 30m from the inlet side of the working face, and the best nitrogen injection flow rate is 500m³/h. Combined with the Middle No.401 comprehensive release face, a comprehensive fire prevention technology system is proposed with monitoring and prevention as the main focus and abnormal areas as the key control. The results of the study have implications for the prevention of fire suppression in similar coal seam mining.

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