随着矿井开采强度与深度的增大，冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出等煤岩动力灾害频发，严重制约着深部矿井的安全高效生产。采场煤岩动力灾害的发生与覆岩能量场的聚集与释放规律密切相关，揭示覆岩能量场的演变机理对防治煤岩动力灾害与实现矿井安全高效开采具有重要的理论意义。本文综合采用物理模拟实验、数值计算和理论分析相结合的研究方法，对下位坚硬岩层瞬时破断诱发的覆岩空间结构瞬变特征，及其作用下采场煤岩能量场的演变机理进行研究。结果表明：

(1) 采场煤岩的动、静力学响应特征与覆岩空间结构的瞬变特征密切相关。下位坚硬岩层瞬时破断后，不仅会造成覆岩空间结构几何属性和内边界约束的瞬变，亦会对采场空间不同区域煤岩形成不同的瞬时加、卸载，导致采场煤岩动态力学响应的发生与静态力学响应的阶变。初次来压时，覆岩空间结构的瞬变特征具有对称性，造成其诱发的煤岩动、静力学响应亦具有对称性。周期来压时，覆岩空间结构的瞬变特征具有非对称性，造成其诱发的煤岩动、静力学响应亦具有非对称性。

(2) 结构瞬变影响下，采场煤岩应力、位移和速度等力学响应的演化具有区域性。初次来压后，临近采空区侧下位坚硬岩层应力骤增，形成应力正阶变区，结构瞬变区域上方岩层应力骤减，形成应力负阶变区，对应位置处围岩位移的演化规律与之相同。周期来压后，由于结构瞬变区域主要集中于工作面侧，导致围岩应力与位移的变化区域亦集中在工作面侧，且其演化规律与初次来压相似。与此同时，不同来压期间采场煤岩速度与加速度峰值与结构瞬变程度呈正相关，且距离结构瞬变区域越远，速度与加速度峰值逐渐减小。

(3) 受此影响，采场空间不同区域煤岩能量场的聚集与释放规律存在显著差异。初次来压后，结构瞬变区域上方覆岩的应变能与重力势能处于释放状态，而采空区两侧深部煤岩的应变能经历了由聚集-释放-聚集的演化过程，对应位置的重力势能随回弹范围减小呈释放-聚集-释放的演化趋势。周期来压后，瞬变区域上方覆岩能量场的演化规律与初次来压相似，而采空区两侧深部煤岩的应变能呈释放-聚集的演化特征，相同位置的重力势能演化规律与之相反。且在此动态演化过程中，除了有不同形式的能量相互转换外，亦伴随有煤岩的破裂、阻尼等因素影响下的能量耗散。

(4) 结构瞬变激励下，采场煤岩能量场的演化是应变能、重力势能和动能相互转化、聚集和释放的复杂动力学过程，且煤岩能量的耗散包含应变能与重力势能两部分。下位坚硬岩层破断后，破裂面内力的瞬时卸载和覆岩载荷传递路径瞬变形成的瞬时加载，使其临近采空区侧下位坚硬岩层发生回弹，而深部区域以及上位坚硬岩层发生变形下沉。受此影响，临空侧下位坚硬岩层重力势能聚集并伴随有应变能释放，上位坚硬岩层重力势能释放并伴随有应变能聚集。整体而言，覆岩应变能的释放范围较小，主要集中于瞬时卸载区；覆岩重力势能整体处于释放状态，仅在下位坚硬岩层回弹区域略有增大。

With the increase of mining intensity and depth, coal and rock dynamic disasters such as rock burst, coal and gas outburst occur frequently, which seriously restricts the safe and efficient production of deep mines. The occurrence of coal-rock dynamic disasters in stope is closely related to the accumulation and release law of overburden energy field. It is of great theoretical significance to reveal the evolution mechanism of overburden energy field for the prevention and control of coal-rock dynamic disasters and the realization of safe and efficient mining. In this paper, the physical simulation experiment, numerical calculation and theoretical analysis are combined to study the transient characteristics of the overlying strata spatial structure induced by the instantaneous fracture of the lower hard rock strata, and the evolution mechanism of the coal rock energy field under the action of the overlying strata. The results show :

(1) The dynamic and static response characteristics of coal and rock in the stope are closely related to the transient characteristics of the spatial structure of overlying strata. After the instantaneous fracture of the lower hard rock layer, it will not only cause the transient change of the geometric properties and internal boundary constraints of the spatial structure of the overlying rock, but also form different instantaneous loading and unloading of coal and rock in different areas of the stope space, causing the occurrence of dynamic mechanical response of coal and rock in the stope and the step change of static mechanical response. During the first weighting, the transient characteristics of the spatial structure of the overlying strata are symmetrical, resulting in the symmetry of the dynamic and static responses of the coal and rock induced by it. During the periodic weighting, the transient characteristics of the spatial structure of the overlying strata are asymmetric, resulting in the asymmetry of the dynamic and static responses of the coal and rock induced by it.

(2) Under the influence of structural transient, the evolution of stress, displacement and velocity of coal rock in stope is regional. After the initial weighting, the stress of the lower hard rock strata near the goaf side increases sharply, forming a positive-order stress change zone. The stress of the rock strata above the structural transient zone decreases sharply, forming a negative-order stress change zone. The evolution law of the overlying rock displacement at the corresponding position is the same as that. After periodic weighting, because the structural transient area is mainly concentrated on the working face side, the change area of surrounding rock stress and displacement is also concentrated on the working face side, and its evolution law is similar to that of the first weighting. At the same time, the peak values of velocity and acceleration of coal and rock in the stope during different weighting periods are positively correlated with the degree of structural transient, and the farther the distance from the structural transient area is, the smaller the peak values of velocity and acceleration are.

(3) Affected by this, there are significant differences in the accumulation and release rules of coal and rock energy fields in different areas of the stope space. After the initial weighting, the strain energy and gravitational potential energy of the overlying rock above the structural transient region are in a state of release, while the strain energy of the deep coal rock on both sides of the goaf has undergone an evolution process of aggregation-release-aggregation, and the gravitational potential energy at the corresponding position shows an evolution trend of release-aggregation-release with the decrease of the rebound range. After the periodic weighting, the evolution law of the energy field of the overlying strata above the transient region is similar to that of the initial weighting, while the strain energy of the deep coal rock on both sides of the goaf shows the evolution characteristics of release-aggregation, and the evolution law of the gravitational potential energy at the same position is opposite. In this dynamic evolution process, in addition to different forms of energy conversion, it is also accompanied by energy dissipation under the influence of coal rock fracture, damping and other factors.

(4) Under the transient excitation of the structure, the evolution of the energy field of coal and rock in the stope is a complex dynamic process of mutual transformation, accumulation and release of strain energy, gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy, and the dissipation of coal and rock energy includes strain energy and gravitational potential energy. After the lower hard rock stratum is broken, the instantaneous unloading of the internal force of the fracture surface and the instantaneous loading formed by the transient transmission path of the overburden load make the lower hard rock stratum near the goaf side rebound, while the deep area and the upper hard rock stratum deform and sink. Affected by this, the gravitational potential energy of the lower hard rock layer on the free side is accumulated and accompanied by the release of strain energy, and the gravitational potential energy of the upper hard rock layer is released and accompanied by the accumulation of strain energy. On the whole, the release range of overburden strain energy is small, mainly concentrated in the instantaneous unloading zone ; the gravitational potential energy of the overlying rock is in a state of release as a whole, and only increases slightly in the rebound area of the lower hard rock layer.

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