高温高湿地区近零能耗建筑具有显热负荷低和潜热负荷高的负荷特性，传统的新风系统基于冷凝除湿原理，除湿能力受冷凝温度的限制，难以满足高温高湿地区近零能耗建筑夏季降温除湿的要求。因此，有必要研究适用高温高湿地区近零能耗建筑的新风系统。除湿冷却技术可以利用太阳能等低品位能源作为驱动热源进行潜热处理，降低新风系统的能耗，是近零能耗建筑新风系统一种有效途径。提出了固体吸附式的转轮除湿机承担潜热负荷，低碳绿色的直接蒸发冷却器承担显热负荷，并且将蒸发冷却器产生的冷水进行循环利用的自冷式除湿冷却新风系统。具体研究内容及结论如下：

提出了前空气冷却器模式、后空气冷却器模式和双级空气冷却器模式的三种模式自冷式除湿冷却新风系统，通过热力学理论分析，对三种模式的状态点及㶲损失和㶲效率进行了计算。分析结果表明：三种模式转轮除湿机和加热器的㶲损失分别占总㶲损失的67.75%，63.43%和65.82%。三种模式的收益㶲分别为3.1278 kW，3.5339 kW，4.1404 kW；㶲损失分别为1.2092 kW，1.2915 kW，1.2446 kW；㶲效率分别为72.12%，73.24%和76.89%。

搭建了自冷式除湿冷却新风系统三种模式的实验台，研究了气水比、处理侧入口空气温度、处理侧入口空气相对湿度及再生温度对系统性能的影响。实验结果表明：双级空气冷却器的模式具有更好的制冷性能。当直接蒸发冷却器的气水比为1.2时系统整体性能最佳。再生温度从50 ℃增大到120 ℃时，系统制冷量从5.02 kW增加到6.90 kW，COPth 从1.67减小到0.89。再生温度的增加导致COPth 显著降低。因此，在满足除湿前提下应适当降低再生温度，减小再生能耗。

将太阳能光伏/光热技术与双级空气冷却器模式的自冷式除湿冷却新风系统耦合，将其应用于夏热冬暖地区近零能耗建筑中。利用TRNBuild软件建立广州地区的近零能耗办公建筑，利用TRNSYS软件建立太阳能光伏/光热驱动自冷式除湿冷却新风系统，研究了建筑负荷特性、室内动态参数、系统性能及能耗特性。仿真模拟结果表明：建筑最大冷负荷为18.96 kW。系统稳定运行后可将室温维持在26 ℃左右，相对湿度在40%~60%范围内。供冷季系统月平均热力性能系数COPth 和电力性能系数COPelec 最大分别为2.19和4.36，系统月平均太阳能热保证率SFth 和太阳能电保证率SFelec 最大分别为0.75和0.69。逐月产热量对于耗热量平均占比为89.14%，产电量对于耗电量平均占比为121.96%。

利用TRNSYS与Genopt优化软件联合，优化目标选取为生命周期成本，应用Hooke-Jeeves算法对主要设计参数进行优化计算。优化结果表明：优化后系统的生命周期成本从65.32万元降低到了63.27万元，比优化前降低3.14%，此时，PV/T集热器面积为154.4 m²，PV/T集热器安装倾角为34°，蓄热水箱容积为7.35 m³，辅助电加热器功率为16.25 kW。优化后系统逐月电力性能系数COPelec ，太阳能热保证率SFth 和太阳能电保证率SFelec 的平均增长率分别为2.54%，2.93%和3.48%。对新风系统的优化能够提高系统性能及对太阳能的利用程度。

One of the remarkable characteristics of the nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs) in high-temperature and high-humidity areas is low sensible heat load and high latent heat load. The traditional outdoor air system is based on the principle of condensation dehumidification, and the dehumidification capacity is limited by the condensation temperature. It is difficult to meet the requirements of summer cooling and dehumidification of nZEBs in high-temperature and high-humidity areas. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dedicated outdoor air system suitable for nZEBs in high-temperature and high-humidity areas. Dehumidification cooling technology can use low-grade energy such as solar energy as a driving heat source for latent heat treatment. This is an effective method to decrease the energy consumption of the outdoor air system in nZEBs. A self-cooling dedicated outdoor air desiccant cooling system is proposed, in which the desiccant wheel (DW) bears the latent heat load, the low-carbon direct evaporative cooler (DEC) bears the sensible heat load, and the generated cold water produced by the DEC is recycled. The specific research contents and conclusions are as follows:

The self-cooling dedicated outdoor air desiccant cooling system with three modes of front-air cooler mode, rear-air cooler mode and double-air cooler mode was proposed. Through thermodynamic analysis, the state points, exergy loss and exergy efficiency were calculated. The results show that the three modes exergy losses of the DW and the air heater account for 67.75%, 63.43% and 65.82% of the total exergy loss, respectively. The production exergy rate of the three modes were 3.1278 kW, 3.5339 kW and 4.1404 kW, respectively. The destruction exergy were 1.2092 kW, 1.2915 kW and 1.2446 kW, respectively. The exergy efficiencies were 72.12 %, 73.24 % and 76.89 %, respectively.

The experimental platform of three modes of self-cooling dedicated outdoor air desiccant cooling system were established, and the effects of air-water ratio, process air temperature, relative humidity and regeneration temperature on system performance were studied. The experimental results show that the double-air cooler mode has better cooling performance. When the air-water ratio of the DEC was 1.2, the system overall performance was the best. When the regeneration temperature increased from 50 °C to 120 °C, the system cooling capacity (Qr ) increased from 5.02 kW to 6.90 kW, and the thermal performance coefficient (COPth ) decreased from 1.67 to 0.89. The increase of regeneration temperature leads to a significant decrease of COPth . Therefore, under the premise of dehumidification, the regeneration temperature should be appropriately reduced to reduce the regeneration energy consumption.

The solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) technology was coupled with the self-cooling dedicated outdoor air desiccant cooling system of the double-air cooler mode, and it was applied to a nZEB in the hot summer and warm winter area. A nZEB in Guangzhou was established by TRNBuild plug-in. The solar PV/T driven self-cooling dedicated outdoor air desiccant cooling system was established by TRNSYS software. The building load characteristics, indoor dynamic parameters, system performance and energy consumption properties were studied. The simulation results show that the maximum cooling load of the nZEB was 18.96 kW. After the stable operation of the system, the indoor temperature can be maintained at about 26 °C, and the relative humidity can be maintained between 40% and 60%. In the cooling season, the maximum monthly average COPth  and electrical performance coefficient (COPelec ) were 2.19 and 4.36, respectively, and the maximum monthly average thermal solar fraction (SFth ) and electrical solar fraction (SFelec ) were 0.75 and 0.69, respectively. The average proportion of monthly heat production to heat consumption was 89.14%. The average proportion of electricity production to electricity consumption was 121.96%.

Through TRNSYS and Genopt optimization software, the Hooke-Jeeves algorithm was used to optimize the main design parameters with the life cycle cost (LCC) as the optimization goal. The optimization results show that the LCC of the optimized system was reduced from 653,200 yuan to 632,700 yuan, which was 3.14% lower than that before optimization. At this time, the area of PV/T collector was 154.4 m², the inclination angle of PV/T collector was 34°, the volume of heat storage tank was 7.35 m³, and the power of auxiliary electric heater was 16.25 kW. After optimization, the average monthly growth rates of COPelec , SFth  and SFelec  were 2.54%, 2.93% and 3.48%, respectively. The optimization of the self-cooling dedicated outdoor air desiccant cooling system can improve the system operational performance and the solar energy utilization.

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