煤炭自燃火灾是煤矿重大灾害之一，乌兰煤矿的火区，属于露头剥挖和小窑开采所造成的煤层露头自燃火区和渣台火区。渣台自燃、煤层露头火灾不仅给国家资源及矿井生产带来巨大的经济损失，甚至威胁着井下工作人员的生命安全。 本文根据乌兰矿火灾的实际情况，对露头煤层、渣台煤自燃火灾火源探测、综合治理技术进行研究。首先，根据影响煤自燃的因素，分析引起露头煤层、渣台自燃的原因及影响因素，结合火区实际情况，提出“隔离氧气，治理高温区域，控制火区扩散”的防灭火总体技术方案；其次，分析乌兰矿火区煤自燃的实际情况，利用红外热像仪探测高温火源范围，分析表明红外探测法能够准确探测渣台自然火区的范围；然后针对乌兰矿火区根据其与地表关联较大、火区温度高、范围大、又易受矿井采动影响的特点，通过卤素示踪气体SF6对地表漏风通道进行测漏，分析地表漏风对井下CO气体产生量的影响，并采取相应的堵漏防灭火措施，取得了显著的效果；再次，根据乌兰矿火区治理实际情况以及高分子胶体的封堵、充填、降温等特性，确定以胶体防灭火技术为主，机械剥离、覆盖为辅的技术措施，经过综合治理，实施该方案后使火区得到全面控制；最后，通过火区有害气体监测的分析研究，表明实施高分子胶体防灭火为主的综合治理技术能够很快扑灭渣台煤自燃火区。该论文的研究对露头煤自燃火灾、渣台火灾综合治理有一定的借鉴意义。

Coal spontaneous combustion fire is one of the major disaster in the mine, Spontaneous Combustion Fire is a phenomenon that in Coal Outcrop is, the coal not mining in the natural environment due to oxidation and heat accumulation is caused burning by coal seam outcrop; The loose coal heap caused by private dredging and casual mining are easy to form slag coal spontaneous combustion fire due to oxide accumulation. The fire area in the ulan coal mine, is the outcrop coal and slag coal spontaneous combustion fire zone caused by outcrop stripping、digging and small kiln mining. According to the actual situation in the Ulan Coal Mine Fire, This article will study on the fire detection and comprehensive control technology in the outcrop coal, slag coal of the coal spontaneous combustion. First, according to the factors affected by coal spontaneous combustion, analyze the reasons and factors caused by outcrops、slag coal spontaneous combustion, combined with the actual situation in the fire zone, propose the overall fire prevention and control technical program of "separation of oxygen, temperature control area, control the proliferation of the fire," Secondly, analyze the actual situation of coal spontaneous combustion in the fire, detect the high-temperature range of the fire by Infrared Imager, the analysis show that the infrared detection method can detect the Java platform range of natural fire zone; then ,for Ulan mine fire area in accordance with its surface associated with a larger apparent surface ignition characteristics, but also vulnerable to the effects of mining shaft, by halogen track SF6 gas leak on the surface leakage channel analysis of surface air leak on the underground gas output of CO, and take the appropriate Fire Fighting Measures plugging achieved significant results; again, according to the actual Ulan Coal Mine Fire District as well as polymer gel plugging, filling, cooling and other characteristics that determine the gel-based fire extinguishing technology, mechanical peeling, cover supplemented by technical measures, through the comprehensive management, after the implementation of the program to get full control of the fire area; Secondly, analyze the actual situation of coal spontaneous combustion in the fire, detect the high-temperature range of the fire by Infrared Imager, the analysis show that the infrared detection method can detect the range of the outcrop coal, slag coal of the coal spontaneous combustion fire zone; Then,according to Ulan Coal Mine fire district and the associated largely with the surface, surface ignition characteristics obvious, characteristic affected vulnerably by the mining shaft, analyze the effects of surface leakages to the CO gas generation underground, measure the surface leakage channel by the amount of halogen tracer gas SF6 ，and take the appropriate measures plugging fire, has achieved remarkable results; again, according to the actual situation in the Ulan Coal Mine fire district and the plugging, filling, cooling and other characteristics of the polymer gel ,determine the technical measures that is the gel-based fire extinguishing technology, mechanical peeling, cover supplemented, through the comprehensive management, after the implementation of the program ,has gotten the full control of the fire area; Finally, through the analysis of monitoring the harmful gases in the fire district , shows that it can put out the slag coal spontaneous combustion fire district that takes the measures based-on the polymer gel fire prevention technology . It is meaningful reference.that control the outcrop coal and slag coal spontaneous combustion fire in the study of this paper.