摘 要 本文对马蹄沟煤矿21m特厚夹矸易燃坚硬煤层综采放顶煤一次采全高的关键技术进行了深入研究。通过顶煤爆破弱化试验与机理研究，确定了沿倾向布置弱化巷，分区独立弱化的顶煤弱化方案及爆破参数和爆破施工工艺；通过回采工业试验与工艺研究，探索出顶煤移动和放煤规律，确定了放煤参数和放煤方式；通过工作面两道支护及防火技术试验与研究，从理论上分析了煤体氧化和水分变化引起强度弱化的机理，得出防火及支护方案，并首次提出了锚孔卸压理论，解决了高地压、易自燃条件下煤巷的支护与防灭火问题；通过矿压现场量测及理论分析，找出了矿压显现规律，提出了合理的矿压控制措施，通过顶煤放出量，顶煤弱化程度及顶煤放出速度将矿压控制在允许范围。本课题在马蹄沟煤矿实施后，采放比达1:7.4，回采率达80%以上；总体经济效益为5290万元。 通过本文的研究，解决了马蹄沟煤矿特厚、坚硬、自燃发火严重煤层开采的技术难题，保证了矿井正常生产，并取得了显著的社会效益和经济效益。为我国20m左右坚硬煤层综放一次采全高开采奠定了良好的基础。

ABSTRACT In the face of self-ignite extraordinary of Ma Ti Gou Mine, in order to discharge whole 21 meters top coal. In this text we have an in-depth research in gordian technique. Through examination of softening top-coal, we make certain disposing of softening laneway along polarity, softening way of subarea independent softening ,dynamite parameter and dynamite technics. Through examination of winning and research of technics, we find out rule of motion and discharging of top-coal, confirm of parameter of discharging and way. Through research of two-shoring of working face and fireproofing, we get out project of shoring and fireproofing, and for the first time bring forward theory of depressurization with anchor eye. we also resolve shoring and fireproofing in high ground pressure and self-ignite. Through locale measure of rock thrust and theoretical analysis, we find out regulation of visualize of rock thrust. So we put forward a logical means of dominating rock thrust. After this topic has been put in practice, compare excavate to discharge is 1:7.4, recovery ratio overrun 80 percent, totality economic benefit amount to 5290 myria yuan. Through research of this text, we have thoroughly solved way of mine Ma Ti Gou Coal Mine and for a long time continuance tension layer mining be on fire serious coeffinceint of recovery lowness and output in low-level, benefit and efficiency in low-level, sovled technical problems and ensure mine regular production. this research establish a fine foundation for once mining full height of 20m coal seam in fully-mechanized top coal caving.