2009年政府工作报告中明确指出“将全国城乡居民分别纳入城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗制度覆盖范围，三年内参保率均提高到90%以上。”农民工是社会的重要成员，对经济发展作出巨大贡献，应当享受到“老有所养、病有所医、失业有防患”的待遇。政府、企业、农民工三方面都是影响参加社会保障的重要因素，通过切实可行的对策做好农民工社会保障工作，是构建和谐社会的基础，也是应对当前金融风暴的重要之举。 本文在前人研究的基础上，采用文献研究、问卷调查、实地访谈方法，通过定性分析与定量分析相结合，对农民工社会保障问题进行了研究。论文的正文共分为四部分。第一部分，解析本文的两个重要概念——农民工和社会保障制度，进一步说明农民工社会保障制度建立的必要性及其变革，并介绍了社会保障的理论依据；第二部分，通过对调查问卷结果的具体分析，发现农民工社会保障覆盖率低，较高的参保欲望与很低的实际参保率形成很大反差，多达三分之二的农民工不能承担当前的社保费用；第三部分，对造成农民工社会保障现状的原因进行分析，农民工收入低、自我保护意识淡漠，企业逃保、漏保，政府有关部门监管力度不够，现行社会保障存在缺陷等，都是导致大量农民工没有被纳入社会保障范围的重要原因；第四部分，根据我国当前的经济发展形势和农民工的需要，结合社会保障制度不健全的原因，从政府、企业、农民工方面提出了相关的对策建议。

The government work report in 2009 clearly pointed out that urban and rural residents in our country should be brought into urban workers' basic medical insurance, urban residents' medical insurance and new rural cooperative medical systems, improving endowment insurance ratio to more than 90%. Peasant workers are important members and make a significant contribution to economic development. So they should enjoy “support for the elder, cure for the sick, prevention for the unemployed”. Government, enterprises, peasant workers are important factors in taking part in social security. It is the base of building a harmonious society to make peasant workers enjoy their rights better through practical measures, but also an important response to the current financial storm. On the basis of previous studies, this paper did a research on peasant workers’ social security by literature study, questionnaire and field interview, through the combination of qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis. The body of this paper is divided into four parts. The first part analyzed two important concepts-- peasant worker and social security system, further showed the necessity of building social security system and its changes, and introduced the theoretical basis of social security; in the second part, according to specific analysis of questionnaire’s results, it found that peasant workers’ social security coverage was low, there a big contrast between higher attendance desire and rather low actual attendance rates, and more than two-thirds peasant workers can’t afford the cost of the current social security; In the third part, reasons which caused peasant workers’ social security problems were analyzed. Peasant workers’ low-income, lack of self-protection, corporate evasion and dodging, not enough government supervision, defects of existing social security, and so on. They are all important reasons that caused peasant workers not to be brought into social security system. In the fourth part, according to current economic situations and peasant workers’ needs, combined with the reasons, some related suggestions were put forward, which has great theoretical significance and practical significance.