高温乙烯裂解管、超临界CO₂机组等设施在服役过程中遇到含碳量较高的工作气氛，常常会出现碳化腐蚀的情况。目前能源化工领域中，尤其是超临界CO₂和高温气冷堆等新型能源装备系统存在的碳化腐蚀现象还有待进一步研究，而高温金属防护涂层作为适合应对碳化腐蚀的有效措施之一，其抗碳化腐蚀的能力也需进一步深入研究。使用高温扩散法在Incoloy800H合金表面制备渗Al涂层，采用纳米石墨粉包埋样品方式，在气氛中通入氦气并加热至650 ℃以模拟长时间的服役环境来研究涂层抗碳化能力。本文在碳化腐蚀已有的相关研究基础上，进一步研究合金表面渗Al涂层后的碳化腐蚀行为，分析了渗Al涂层的微观结构以及在涂层保护下碳化腐蚀表面形貌变化、截面腐蚀层厚度变化等，同时研究了Incoloy800H合金、含涂层合金以及涂层碳化腐蚀样品的常温和高温力学性能。

（1）Incoloy800H合金表面渗Al涂层为Fe-Al、Fe(Ni, Al)、富Cr三层结构，在650 ℃碳化腐蚀5 000 h后，涂层结构消失。碳化腐蚀层厚度变化大致符合抛物线规律，5 000 h后厚度趋于稳定，厚度平均值为24.67 μm，渗铝后Incoloy800H抗碳化腐蚀能力变强。

（2）碳化腐蚀产物主要为Al₂O₃，无明显碳化物生成，随腐蚀的进行腐蚀产物变化不大，基体与涂层结合部出现Cr、O沉积层。表明渗Al涂层消耗并阻碍了活性C原子的扩散，阻止基体内部生成碳化物，有效减少了碳化腐蚀对合金本身的破坏。

（3）Incoloy800H合金常温抗拉强度为628.83 MPa，表面制备涂层以后由于涂层硬度较高使得合金近表面硬度提升明显，同时使得提升了合金的弹性模量，但因涂层较薄所以抗拉强度变化不大。合金650 ℃下抗拉强度415.58 MPa，表面制备涂层后抗拉强度有所下降，推测高温下Al元素易向基体内扩散从而降低了合金的高温抗拉强度，提高了基体的延展性。

（4）涂层样品经碳化腐蚀5 000 h后，常温抗拉强度为716.30 MPa，强度提升约20.9%，同时样品近表面硬度仍比合金高约75.0%，常温下力学性能较好。碳化样品在650 ℃下的抗拉强度为483.02 MPa，强度提升约16.3%，样品高温力学性能良好。从碳化样品的力学性能看，渗Al涂层有效阻止了碳化腐蚀对合金基体的破坏，样品强度提升主要来自基体的时效强化。

（5）合金、涂层及涂层碳化5 000 h样品的宏观断口处均有大量微孔与韧窝，符合典型的韧性断裂特征，且样品的常温断裂机制和高温断裂机制存在差异：合金常温下晶粒强度较高而晶界较为薄弱故断口处存在沿晶裂纹，而高温断口则由于合金塑性提升以穿晶裂纹为主；合金制备涂层后，断裂机制不变，常温下由于涂层在拉伸过程中开裂，裂纹扩展不深，而高温下涂层软化，表面裂纹更易向内扩展；涂层样品碳化5 000 h后，常温和高温断口处均以穿晶裂纹为主，裂纹源处可见少量腐蚀产物且未发现碳化物，不同位置仍能观测到涂层的结构，可以判断5 000 h碳化后涂层仍具有一定的防护作用。

Carburization frequently emerged in facilities such as high-temperature ethylene cracking tubes and supercritical CO₂ units when exposed to a working atmosphere with a high carbon content during service. Currently, in the domain of energy and chemical engineering, particularly in novel energy equipment systems such as supercritical CO₂ and high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, the phenomenon of carburization awaits further investigation. High-temperature metal protective coatings, as one of the effective measures against carburization, also require in-depth research on their anti-carburization capabilities. In this study, an Al-infiltration coating was fabricated on the surface of Incoloy800H alloy using the high-temperature diffusion method. The samples were embedded in nano-graphite powder, and helium gas was introduced into the atmosphere and heated to 650 ℃ to simulate a long-term service environment for studying the anti-carbonization ability of the coating. Based on the existing research on carburization, this paper further examines the carburization behavior of the Incoloy800H alloy after surface aluminized coating, analyzes the microstructure of the aluminized coating, the changes in surface morphology and cross-sectional corrosion layer thickness under coating protection, and investigates the room and high-temperature properties of the Incoloy800H alloy, the alloy with coating, and the carburization samples of the coating.

(1) The aluminized coating on the surface of Incoloy800H alloy presents a three-layer structure of Fe-Al, Fe(Ni, Al), and Cr-rich layers. After 5,000 hours of carburization at 650 ℃, the coating structure vanishes. The thickness variation of the carburization layer approximately conforms to a parabolic law and tends to stabilize after 5,000 hours, with an average thickness of 24.67 μm. The anti-carburization ability of Incoloy800H after aluminized coating strengthens.

(2) The primary carburization product is Al₂O₃, with no obvious carbides formed. As the corrosion duration prolongs, the corrosion products exhibit negligible changes, and a Cr and O deposition layer emerges at the interface between the substrate and the coating. This indicates that the Al-infiltration coating consumes and hinders the diffusion of active C atoms, preventing the formation of carbides within the substrate and effectively reducing the damage of carburization to the alloy itself.

(3) The room-temperature tensile strength of Incoloy800H alloy amounts to 628.83 MPa. After the coating is fabricated on the surface, the hardness of the near-surface of the alloy significantly escalates due to the high hardness of the coating, and the elastic modulus of the alloy also increases. Nevertheless, due to the thin coating, the tensile strength undergoes little alteration. The tensile strength of the alloy at 650 ℃ is 415.58 MPa. After the coating is fabricated on the surface, the tensile strength declines. It is hypothesized that at high temperatures, Al elements readily diffuse into the substrate, thereby reducing the high-temperature tensile strength of the alloy and enhancing the ductility of the substrate.

(4) After 5,000 hours of carburization, the room-temperature tensile strength of the coated sample reaches 716.30 MPa, an increase of approximately 20.9%. Simultaneously, the near-surface hardness of the sample remains approximately 75.0% higher than that of the alloy, and the mechanical properties at room temperature are favorable. The tensile strength of the carbonized sample at 650°C is 483.02 MPa, an increase of approximately 16.3%. The high-temperature mechanical properties of the sample are satisfactory. Judging from the mechanical properties of the carbonized sample, the Al-infiltration coating effectively impedes the damage of carburization to the alloy substrate, and the increase in sample strength primarily stems from the aging strengthening of the substrate.

(5) A considerable number of micropores and dimples are observable at the macroscopic fracture surfaces of the alloy, coating, and carbonized corrosion sample of the coating, which are typical characteristics of ductile fracture. Moreover, the room-temperature fracture mechanism and high-temperature fracture mechanism of the samples differ: at room temperature, the grain strength of the alloy is high while the grain boundary is relatively weak, resulting in intergranular cracks at the fracture surface; at high temperatures, the fracture surface is mainly characterized by transgranular cracks due to the enhanced plasticity of the alloy. After the alloy is coated, the fracture mechanism remains unchanged. At room temperature, due to the cracking of the coating during tensile testing, the crack propagation is not profound. At high temperatures, the coating softens, and surface cracks are more prone to extend inward. After carburization of the coating, transgranular cracks predominate at both room temperature and high-temperature fracture surfaces. A small quantity of corrosion products can be detected at the crack sources, and no carbides are found. The structure involving the coating can still be observed regardless of the position. It can be concluded that the coating still retains a certain protective effect after 5,000 hours of carburization.

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