重金属污染日益严重，对水生生物和人类的健康带来极大的危害。处理重金属污水新材料的研制是研究的热点之一。本文以神府煤为基体，采用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷对煤粉表面进行改性，将改性后的煤粉分别与乙二胺(1，2-Ethanediamine)、二乙烯三胺(DETA)、三乙烯四胺(TETA)反应合成胺化煤粉，进一步将胺化煤粉与二硫化碳、氢氧化钠反应得到具有螯合吸附功能的煤基螯合吸附剂DTC。研究了该类煤基螯合吸附剂DTC处理重金属废水的性能，为该技术的推广应用奠定基础。 本文的主要研究成果是：（1）对不同粒度的颗粒进行自由沉降实验以及重金属吸附试验确定煤颗粒基体的粒径为130-200目，（2）详细研究了三种螯合吸附剂的制备条件： DETA-DTC：以蒸馏水为溶剂，煤粉与KH550反应制备出氨丙基化煤粉的其煤粉与KH550质量为1:0.03，，反应温度70℃，反应时间3h；将氨丙基化煤粉与二乙烯三胺水浴反应，反应温度60℃，时间为2h，得到胺化煤粉，其中煤粉与二乙烯三胺的质量比为1：0.515；胺化煤粉与CS2、NaOH反应，质量比为1:0.756：0.6，反应温度35℃，时间2h；1,2-Ethanediamine-DTC：煤粉与乙二胺的质量比1:1.2，70℃水浴反应3h，煤粉与氢氧化钠、二硫化碳的质量比为1:1:1.5，反应温度为35℃，反应时间为2h；TETA-DTC：煤粉与三乙烯四胺的质量比为1：0.75，温度为80℃，反应时间为4h，煤粉与氢氧化钠、二硫化碳的质量比为1:0.6:0.88，反应温度为25℃，反应时间为2h。（3）采用FT-IR对制备出的三种螯合吸附剂其化学结构进行分析表征，结果表明DTC螯合基团均接枝到煤粉颗粒表面。（4）通过对Ni2+的螯合吸附实验表明：煤粉和三种煤基螯合吸附剂对Ni2+螯合吸附行为均符合二级动力学模型，煤粉及三种煤基螯合吸附剂对Ni2+的吸附符合对Langmuir吸附等温式，由Langmuir吸附等温式所计算的其单层饱和吸附量为：TETA-DTC为104.17mg•g-1，DETA-DTC为82.37 mg•g-1，1,2-Ethanediamine-DTC为73.21 mg•g-1并且均明显高于煤粉的饱和吸附量32.23mg•g-1。三种煤基螯合吸附剂吸附Ni2+的热力学参数∆H分别为-41.97、-48.75、-43.75KJ•mol-1，均为负值，说明吸附过程是一个放热过程。∆G<0，说明吸附过程为自发过程和优惠吸附。煤基螯合吸附剂对Ni2+的吸附在酸性偏中性条件下效果较好。

Heavy metal pollution is increasingly serious, it causes enormous harm to aquatic life and human health. Therefore, study on treatment of heavy metal wastewater development of new materials is one of the hotspots. In this paper, 1,2-Ethanediamine, diethylenetriamin, and triethylenetetramine were grafted on the Shenfu coal (Shaanxi, China) particles using r-aminopropyltriethoxysilan as coupling reagent, then three amination coal particles were prepared. Then added to carbon disulfide and sodium hydroxide to form dithiocarbamate on surface of coal particals, and then the composite coal based chelating adsorbents were prepared. In order to lay the foundation for the promotion and application of technology, adsorption performance of coal based chelating adsorbtent was discussed. The main achievements are: (1) Particles with different grain sizes on the free settling experiments and adsorption of heavy metals test to determine the particle size of coal particles matrix was 130-200 mesh. (2)The conditions of three kinds of chelating adsorbents were investigated in detail. DETA-DTC was prepared by aminopropyl coal: distilled water as the solvent quality, coal: KH550 was 1:0.03(w:w), 70℃ and stirring 3h; amination coal: The reaction is between aminopropyl coal and diethylenetriamine, 60℃and reaction 2h,coal: diethylenetriamineis was 1:0.515; amination pulverized coal:CS2: NaOH was1:0.756:0.6, reaction, 35℃and stirring 2h. 1,2-Ethanediamine-DTC quality pulverized coal-based sorbents with ethylenediamine chelate ratio 1:1.2, 70℃ water bath for 3h, pulverized coal and sodium hydroxide, carbon disulfide mass ratio of 1: 1:1.5, reaction temperature is 35℃, the reaction time was 2h. TETA-DTC: The quality of coal and triethylenetetramine ratio 1:0.75, the temperature was 80℃, the reaction time was 4h, the quality of coal and sodium hydroxide, carbon disulfide ratio 1:0.6:0.88, the reaction temperature was 25℃, the reaction time was 2h. (3)The three chelating sorbents were characterized by FT-IR, and the results show that DTC chelating groups were grafted to the surface of coal particles. (4)The three coal-based chelating adsorbent chelating adsorptions tended toward equilibrium at 60min and the monolayer adsorption saturation capacity (Q0) of TETA-DTC , DETA-DTC and 1,2-Ethanediamine-DTC for Ni2+ were 104.17, 82.37 and 73.21 mg•g-1 at 25℃，which are significantly higher than that of raw coal of 32.23 mg•g-1. Three coal based chelating adsorbents thermodynamic parameters for adsorbing Ni2+, ∆H ,are 41.97,48.75,43.75KJ mol-1 respectively.They are all negative, and it shows the adsorption process is exothermic. Negative values of ∆G indicated that chalating adsorption processes for Ni2+ were spontaneous. The maximum capacity of adsorption occurred under intermediately acidic or neutral conditions.