液态CO₂压裂技术作为一项环保的无水压裂技术，在煤矿安全开采生产过程中引发重点关注。但是，长时间的低温液态CO₂注入易导致煤层中的水遇冷凝结，造成孔隙堵塞从而严重制约瓦斯开采和运移。为解决上述难题，本文提出利用高温水蒸气与低温液态CO₂交替循环冲击煤体的方法，解决液态CO₂压裂过程中孔隙水久冻不消的问题。在此基础上，研究冷热冲击下煤体瓦斯吸附特性及微晶形态结构特征，探究冲击过程中煤体损伤特性，同时利用COMSOL软件模拟实际工程实践过程中煤层内部气液两相渗流规律，并讨论其他因素对冷热冲击过程中煤层内部气液两相渗流的影响。

利用PCTPro高压吸附仪及日本理学Rigaku Ultma IV X射线衍射仪，研究冷热冲击实验不同变量下煤体瓦斯吸附特性及微晶形态结构特征。结果表明，随着单次液态CO₂冲击时间及冷热循环冲击次数的增加，瓦斯最大吸附量呈先增大，后减小，最后逐渐增大的趋势，当低温液态CO₂冲击时长为150分钟时，吸附量达到最大值为11.59837ml/g，到10循环时吸附量达到最大值为8.73595ml/g。随着高温水蒸气冲击时间的增大，煤样吸附瓦斯能力逐渐增强，瓦斯最大吸附量逐渐增大，并在冲击到150分钟时达到最大吸附量为6.13062ml/g。循环冲击过程中，衍射角在26°附近反映微晶堆垛石墨烯层在Z轴方向堆积结构的（002）峰都非常明显；热冲击前后的（002）峰均在26.6°左右，与石墨的（002）峰具有0.1°左右的差距；低温液态CO₂冲击后，煤样（002）峰的形状从初始的略微弥散峰到逐渐尖峰，在液态CO₂冲击时间持续到120分钟时最窄，随后峰略变宽。

基于CT扫描技术研究冷热冲击下煤体损伤特性。分别采用形状因子、平整度、当量直径及孔隙配位数等特征参量多尺度表征冷热冲击过程中煤体孔隙及孔喉损伤演化特征。结果表明，不同循环冲击次数下，孔隙当量直径、形状因子及孔隙长度的概率分布趋势相同。煤样孔喉形状因子及其概率分布趋势同样不因冷热冲击循环次数的变化而变化；孔喉半径分布不一，第9次循环时，孔喉半径分布范围最广为0~800μm；随循环次数的增加，煤样孔喉长度的种类呈现先增大后减小的趋势。基于煤体微观损伤演化特征，定量化分析冷热循环冲击煤体孔隙微观损伤量，讨论冷热循环冲击煤体孔隙损伤机理。

基于实验室研究成果，利用COMSOL软件模拟实际工程实践过程中煤层内部气液两相渗流规律，并讨论其他因素影响下对冷热冲击过程中煤层内部气液两相渗流的影响。数值模拟结果表明，随着低温液态CO₂冲击时间的增加，CO₂气体渗流量呈现先迅速增加，后逐渐平稳的趋势，液态CO₂渗流量呈现阶段式下降；随着高温水蒸气冲击时间的增加，液态水渗流量呈现阶段式下降，水蒸气渗流量呈现先迅速增加，后逐渐平稳的趋势。随着循环冲击次数的增加，水蒸气渗流量迅速增加，液态水渗流量呈现阶段式下降，CO₂气体渗流量呈现线性增长的趋势，且增长率基本保持不变；液态CO₂的渗流量随绝对冲击时间的增加呈现线性下降的趋势；增加煤层初始温度可以极大促进CO₂气液两相渗流效果，对水的两相渗流作用不明显；增加介质注入压力对CO₂及水的气液两相渗流影响均不大。

本文提出液态CO₂-高温水蒸气冷热冲击煤层快速冻融增透技术，对液态CO₂-水蒸气冷热循环冲击煤体瓦斯吸附特征分析及孔隙演化特征深入研究，通过数值模拟研究冲击过程煤体孔隙内气液两相渗流特征，研究结果对完善冷热冲击致裂煤体理论，提高瓦斯灾害防治与煤层气资源开发水平具有重要价值。

Liquid CO₂ fracturing technology, as an environmentally friendly waterless fracturing technique, has attracted significant attention in the process of safe coal mining production. However, prolonged injection of low-temperature liquid CO₂ can lead to the condensation of water in the coal seam due to cooling, causing pore blockage and severely restricting gas extraction and transportation. To address this issue, this study proposes a method of using alternating cycles of high-temperature steam and low-temperature liquid CO₂ to impact the coal body, aiming to solve the problem of persistent freezing of pore water during the liquid CO₂ fracturing process. Based on this approach, experiments on gas adsorption in coal under cold and hot shocks and characterization of microcrystalline morphology are conducted to explore the damage characteristics of the coal body during the shock process. COMSOL software is used to simulate the laws of gas-liquid two-phase flow inside the coal seam during actual engineering practices. Additionally, the impacts of other factors on gas-liquid two-phase flow inside the coal seam during cold and hot shocks are discussed.

Using the PCT Pro high-pressure adsorption instrument and the Rigaku Ultima IV X-ray diffractometer from Japan, the coal gas adsorption experiment and microcrystalline morphology characteristics under different variables during cold-hot shock experiments were studied. The results showed that with the increase of single liquid CO₂ shock time and the number of cold-hot cycles, the maximum adsorption capacity initially increased, then decreased, and finally gradually increased. When the low-temperature liquid CO₂ shock time was 150 minutes, the maximum adsorption capacity reached 11.59837 ml/g; after 10 cycles, the maximum adsorption capacity reached 8.73595 ml/g. With the increase of high-temperature water vapor shock time, the gas adsorption capacity of the coal sample gradually increased, and the maximum gas adsorption capacity increased gradually, reaching a maximum adsorption capacity of 6.13062 ml/g after 150 minutes of shock. During the cyclic shock process, the diffraction angle around 26° reflected the stacking structure of microcrystalline graphene layers in the Z-axis direction, and the (002) peak was very obvious. The (002) peak before and after the thermal shock was around 26.6°, with a difference of about 0.1° compared to the (002) peak of graphite. After the low-temperature liquid CO₂ shock, the shape of the coal sample's (002) peak gradually changed from the initial slightly diffuse peak to a sharp peak, becoming narrowest when the liquid CO₂ shock time continued to 120 minutes, and then slightly widened.

Based on CT scanning technology, the characteristics of coal damage under cold-hot shock were studied. Shape factor, smoothness, coordination number, equivalent diameter, and pore coordination number were used as characteristic parameters to characterize the evolution of coal pore and pore throat damage during cold-hot shock processes at multiple scales. The results indicate that under different numbers of cyclic shocks, the probability distribution trends of pore equivalent diameter, shape factor, and pore length are the same. The shape factor and its probability distribution of pore throat in coal samples remain unchanged with the change of the number of cold-hot shock cycles. The distribution of pore throat radius varies, and at the 9th cycle, the widest range of pore throat radius distribution is 0~800μm. With the increase of cycle number, the types of pore throat lengths in coal samples show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Based on the microscopic damage evolution characteristics of coal, the microscopic damage amount of coal pores under cold-hot cyclic shock was quantitatively analyzed, and the mechanism of coal pore damage under cold-hot cyclic shock was discussed.

Based on laboratory research results, COMSOL software was used to simulate the laws of gas-liquid two-phase seepage inside coal seams in actual engineering practices, and the effects of other factors on gas-liquid two-phase seepage inside coal seams during cold-hot shock processes were discussed. Numerical simulation results show that with the increase of low-temperature liquid CO₂ shock time, the gas seepage rate of CO₂ shows a rapid increase followed by a gradual stabilization trend, while the liquid CO₂ seepage rate shows a phased decrease. With the increase of high-temperature water vapor shock time, the liquid water seepage rate shows a phased decrease, while the water vapor seepage rate shows a rapid increase followed by a gradual stabilization trend. With the increase of cycle shock times, the water vapor seepage rate increases rapidly, the liquid water seepage rate shows a phased decrease, and the CO₂ gas seepage rate shows a linear growth trend, with the growth rate basically remaining unchanged. The seepage rate of liquid CO₂ shows a linear decrease trend with the increase of absolute shock time. Increasing the initial temperature of the coal seam can greatly promote the effect of CO₂ gas-liquid two-phase seepage, with different effects on the two-phase seepage of water. Increasing the injection pressure of the medium has little influence on the gas-liquid two-phase seepage of both CO₂ and water.

This paper introduces a rapid freeze-thaw enhancement permeability technology for coal seams using liquid CO₂-high-temperature water vapor thermal shock. It delves into the analysis of the adsorption-desorption characteristics of coalbed methane under the impact of liquid CO₂-water vapor thermal cycling, and conducts an in-depth study of the characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase seepage within the pores of coal. Through numerical simulation, it explores the characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase seepage within coal pores during the impact process. The research results are of significant value for improving the theory of thermal shock-induced fracturing of coal, and enhancing the prevention and control of gas disasters and the development of coalbed methane resources.

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