地震作为一种破坏力较强的自然灾害，对人类社会的正常生活和经济发展产生了严重影响。研究地震同震及震后形变，对提取震区形变特征、分析区域构造演化、指导次生灾害防治具有重要意义。本文以2023年土耳其卡赫拉曼马拉什省Mw7.8地震为研究对象，对地震的同震以及震后形变特征进行了研究。在同震研究方面，利用地震发生前后的多源SAR卫星影像数据，结合双轨差分（D-InSAR）、多孔径干涉（MAI）和像素偏移量追踪（POT）技术提取了此次地震的同震二维形变场。在此基础上，分别构建传统函数模型和顾及地表形变特征的应力应变模型得到了土耳其地震同震三维形变场。此外，利用GPS站点数据对两种模型下的结果进行了不确定度分析，并依此剖析了土耳其地震的同震三维形变和地表破裂特征。在震后研究方面，通过收集研究区震后近一年时间内的Sentinel-1升降轨道的影像数据，运用SBAS-InSAR技术提取了震后时序形变信息，解译和分析了震后地表形变变化特征。本文主要的研究工作以及最终成果如下：

（1）基于升降轨ALOS-2、Sentinel-1和降轨LT-1卫星的SAR影像数据，构建了土耳其地震的二维形变场（LOS向和方位向）。LOS向形变场中，此次地震先后造成东安纳托利亚断层NE-NNE走向的南侧分支和EW走向的北侧分支破裂，升降轨道LOS向形变值都沿着发震断层分布，呈现出形变性质相反的特征，并且在断层附近出现失相干现象。ALOS-2和LT-1卫星的降轨LOS形变趋势具有较好一致性，在靠近Mw7.8震中位置最大形变值超过了2m；方位向形变场中，ALOS-2和Sentinel-1的观测结果在近断层部分显示了比LOS向更完整的地震破裂轨迹，在Mw7.8震中位置最大形变值超过了4m。

（2）基于多源卫星LOS向和方位向形变结果，分别采用传统函数模型和应力应变模型对土耳其同震三维形变场进行解算。结果表明，SM-VCE方法构建的应力应变模型可以对震中附近大梯度的三维形变信息进行补充，而且三维形变结果不论在方向还是大小上都更加接近GNSS实测值；同震三维形变场结果显示：Mw7.8级地震破坏了东安纳托利亚断层（EAF）系统南侧分支的四个附属断层，Mw7.7级余震破坏了北侧分支的三个附属断层，两次地震均为左旋走滑型地震，所引起的地表变形均以水平向为主，在Cardak断层水平变形最大达4.3m；在垂直方向上引起的形变较小，Erkenek段东侧近场区域垂直向形变最大达0.8m。

（3）利用SBAS-InSAR技术提取土耳其地震震后时序形变信息，解译并分析了震后地表位移变化特征。提取的震后时序形变结果显示：升轨LOS向震后累计形变量为-19.41cm~10.32cm；降轨LOS向震后累计形变量为-17.96cm~9.81cm。升降轨结果在形变趋势上具有明显的阶段性，2023年11月前震后地表累计形变量增长迅速，2023年11月之后形变速率有所减缓，但累计形变量仍在逐渐累加，体现了震后断层能量逐步释放的动态过程。震后形变主要集中在Cardak断层的北部与西南部、Erkenek断层的东北部和Pazarcik断层西南部，与同震形变解译的东安纳托利亚断层北侧和南侧分支破裂位置基本一致，表明了地表破裂解译结果的可靠性。

As a highly destructive natural disaster, earthquakes have had a serious impact on the normal life and economic development of human society. Studying earthquake coseismic and post-earthquake deformation is of great significance for extracting deformation characteristics of earthquake areas, analyzing regional tectonic evolution, and guiding the prevention and control of secondary disasters. This paper uses multi-source spaceborne SAR satellite images before and after the 2023 Turkish earthquake as data source, and combines D-InSAR, MAI and POT technologies to extract the two-dimensional coseismic deformation field of the earthquake in the region. On this basis, a traditional function model and a stress-strain model taking into account surface deformation characteristics were constructed to obtain the coseismic three-dimensional deformation field of the Turkish earthquake. In addition, the uncertainty analysis of the results under the two models was conducted using GPS site data, and the coseismic three-dimensional deformation and surface rupture characteristics of the Turkish earthquake were analyzed accordingly. Finally, in order to track the displacement caused by post-earthquake afterslip, by collecting image data of the Sentinel-1 lifting track nearly one year after the earthquake in the study area, we used SBAS-InSAR technology to obtain post-earthquake time-series deformation results, analysis and solution The characteristics of post-earthquake surface deformation changes were translated. The main research work and final results of this article are as follows:

(1) Based on the SAR image data of the ascending and descending orbit ALOS-2, Sentinel-1 and descending orbit LT-1 satellites, the two-dimensional deformation field (LOS direction and range direction) of the Turkish earthquake was constructed using InSAR/SAR technology. In the satellite LOS direction deformation field, the deformation trends of the ALOS-2 and LT-1 satellite de-orbit images have good consistency, with the maximum deformation value exceeding 2m near the epicenter, and showing an anti-symmetrical characteristic; In the satellite azimuth deformation field, the ALOS-2 and Sentinel-1 observation results show a more complete earthquake rupture trajectory at the epicenter than the LOS direction, and the maximum deformation value at the epicenter exceeds 4m; by analyzing the two-dimensional deformation field The cross-sectional view shows that the azimuthal deformation field in the southern part of the Cardak fault and the northwest part of the EAF affiliated fault shows a surface movement trend opposite to the LOS direction.

(2) Based on multi-source satellite LOS and azimuth InSAR observation data, two model methods were used to solve the coseismic three-dimensional deformation field of Turkey. The results show that the stress and strain model constructed by the SM-VCE method can supplement the deformation information of large gradient three-dimensional deformation near the epicenter, and the results are closer to the GNSS measured values, which is conducive to the extraction of coseismic three-dimensional deformation field characteristics; the generated coseismic three-dimensional The deformation field shows that the Mw7.8 earthquake damaged four affiliated faults of the EAF, and the Mw7.7 aftershock damaged three secondary faults on the west side of the EAF. Both earthquakes were left-lateral strike-slip earthquakes, causing surface The deformation is mainly horizontal, with the maximum horizontal deformation reaching 4.3m on the Cardak fault; the deformation caused in the vertical direction is smaller, and the maximum vertical deformation in the near field area on the east side of the Erkenek segment reaches 0.8m.

(3) The SBAS-InSAR technology was used to extract time-series deformation information after the earthquake in Turkey, and the characteristics of post-earthquake surface displacement changes were interpreted and analyzed. The extracted post-earthquake time series deformation results show that the annual cumulative post-earthquake deformation of the ascending-orbit satellite is 19.41cm~10.32cm; the annual cumulative post-earthquake deformation of the descending-orbit satellite is -17.96cm~9.81cm. The post-earthquake deformation is mainly concentrated on the north and southwest sides of the EAF fault system, and the spatial and temporal distribution shows that the deformation gradually accumulates and then tends to a stable state. There are two subsidence areas in the post-earthquake deformation field, which are basically consistent with the EAF fault rupture position of the surface interpreted by co-seismic deformation, indicating the reliability of the surface rupture interpretation results.

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