锚杆锚固技术目前已经成为矿井、边坡、隧道等工程中的一项关键技术，尤其在煤矿连续采动的作用下，锚杆所处特殊的工况条件，其受力状态异常复杂，使得对锚固系统的受力状态的安全检测变得相当困难。光纤光栅传感技术有其独特的性能及广阔的应用前景，借助该技术检测锚杆锚固质量，探索适合于锚杆的光纤光栅检测方法，对于提高人们对锚杆锚固机理及变形破坏机理的认识具有非常重要的现实意义。 由锚杆锚固机理出发，以光纤光栅传感特性及其在锚杆锚固工程中的作用原理为理论根据，分析光纤光栅锚杆检测系统在锚固质量检测中的可行性。通过对设计光纤光栅锚杆检测实验，验证了光栅波长的变化幅度与锚杆承载力的影响参数即黏结强度之间的关系，表明光纤光栅具有良好的测试性能。采用一种新传感器，即基于光纤光栅的端部锚杆测力传感器，该传感器主要由在环形弹性体壁上均匀布置多个光纤光栅，同时在锚杆杆身布设传感器，最后将多个FBG串接在同一根传导光纤上通过它将波长信号传出。根据光纤光栅的受力特性，进行了相似模拟实验及相关的性能实验，得出光纤光栅波长漂移量随载荷的变化关系。 通过两次不同配比实验分析发现在不同的锚固系统黏结强度下光纤光栅锚杆检测系统的波长变化幅度有明显的增大趋势。拉拔实验表明，采用光纤光栅测试的精度与传统应变片测试精度相当。该检测系统能够用于煤矿锚杆检测，为实现巷道的安全维护提供科学保障。

Technology of anchor bolt shaft has become a key technology projects in slope, mine, and the stability of tunnels, especially in the coal mine under the effect of continuous mining, Anchor stay in a special working conditions, and its stress state is very complex, anchorage system makes the security of the stress state becomes very difficult to monitor. Fiber grating sensing technology has its own unique properties and wide application prospect, with the detection of Bolt Anchorage, exploring for detection of fiber grating bolts for anchoring mechanism to raise awareness of and understanding of deformation mechanism has very important practical significance. In this thesis, we start from the anchoring mechanism to the fiber grating sensor characteristics and the role of anchoring engineering principles as the theoretical basis for analysis the feasibility of fiber grating anchor bolt system in quality inspection. The fiber grating detection experiments had designed to verify the change in grating wavelength range of parameters and bolt bearing capacity of the bond between mild, indicating that the fiber grating has a good test performance.Uses a new sensor, which is based on the ends of fiber grating sensor bolt force, mainly composed of the sensor in the ring with homogeneous elastic wall over fiber grating, while the bolt shaft sensor layout, and finally multiple FBG series with a conductive fiber in the same wavelength of the signal came through it, the fiber grating demodulator FBG wavelength detection value △ λ, obtained by theoretical calculation bolt axial force F and the amount of FBG wavelength shift between △ λ relationship. According to the mechanical behavior of fiber grating, for a similar performance simulation and related experiments, the amount of fiber grating wavelength shift with the variation of the load. From the experimental analysis, in two different proportions in different anchoring system that bond strength bolt under the fiber grating wavelength amplitude significantly increasing trend. Drawing experiment tests that the accuracy of FBG and conventional strain gauge precision quite. The monitoring system can be used to monitor the mine bolt for the realization of the security status of roadway maintenance and safety to provide the scientific protection. The technology for improving the quality of bolt monitoring and monitoring of the reliability of evaluation results is important.