黄陵煤是焦油产率＞7%的富油煤，本文通过双金属改性USY分子筛对黄陵富油煤进行催化热解，系统分析了影响二次催化热解的关键因素，力求实现金属间与USY加氢位点的协同作用，旨在提高焦油中轻质组分的同时降低稠环芳烃含量，为提高煤炭转化效率奠定基础。

黄陵煤具有低灰分、特低硫、高氢含量、高发热量、中高焦油产率（11.98%）的整体特点；煤中矿物质以高岭石、石英为主；原煤中含有相对丰富的脂肪族化合物；分布活化能法（DAEM）对黄陵煤热行为研究发现，当失重温度在460 ℃~560 ℃阶段煤热解发生单步反应，转化率大于0.6的热解阶段活化能变化剧烈；黄陵煤快速热解焦油中苯（B）、甲苯（T）、二甲苯（X）和乙苯（E）总收率为31.05%，BTXE收率分别为11.81%、13.80%、7.31%和0.96%。

通过过量浸渍法分别将Mg、Ni、Zr负载于USY，采用XRF、SEM、NH₃-TPD等表征说明金属的负载不会改变USY的物相，但分子筛比表面积减小，Ni、Zr改性USY酸量增加。将其用于黄陵煤催化热解，发现产物分布仍以单环芳烃、稠环芳烃和酚类为主；相比于原煤常规热解，产物中有机物种类均减少、单环芳烃含量增多、焦油组分最高收率由T转移至B。对比发现，Zr-USY具备最优提萘降酚效果，萘收率是原煤的2.32倍，酚类由15.55%降至11.17%；经Zr-USY催化热解，产物BTXE含量增加最多，由原煤热解焦油的33.57%增加至43.96%，BTXE的收率分别达到17.05%、15.85%、9.87%和1.19%；经Ni-USY催化热解，产物中稠环芳烃含量最低，说明其有利于重质组分开环裂化。

基于Zr-USY制备不同Ni负载量的双金属改性USY，表征发现Ni的负载使Zr-USY比表面积增加、弱酸量减少、强酸含量增加。将其用于黄陵煤催化热解，发现脂肪族化合物、稠环芳烃、酚类等分布更为均匀，Zr-Ni与USY酸位间的协同作用促进稠环芳烃加氢开环裂化，并降低3Zr-USY对萘及其衍生物的催化活性，呈“降萘”现象，致使稠环芳烃减少。当Ni负载量为2%时，催化热解产物中B收率最高，达到19.45%，是原煤热解B收率的1.65倍，此时稠环芳烃含量最低，得出3Zr/2Ni-USY在催化热解中对B具备高催化活性，同时可以保障重质组分开环裂解，实现焦油提质。

Huangling coal is a tar-rich coal with a tar yield of more than 7%. In this paper, the catalytic pyrolysis of Huangling tar-rich coal was carried out by bimetallic modified USY molecular sieve, and the key factors affecting the secondary catalytic pyrolysis were systematically analyzed, striving to achieve the synergistic effect of intermetallic and USY hydrogenation sites, aiming to increase the light components in tar while reducing the yield of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), laying a foundation for improving coal conversion efficiency.

Huangling coal has the overall characteristics of low ash, ultra-low sulfur, high calorific value, high hydrogen content, and medium-high tar yield (11.98%). Kaolinite and quartz are the main minerals found in Huangling coal. The raw coal is relatively rich in aliphatic compounds. The thermal behavior of Huangling coal was studied by distributed activation energy method (DAEM), and it was found that a single-step reaction occurred in the coal pyrolysis at the weight loss of 460 ℃ ~ 560 ℃, and the activation energy changes sharply in the pyrolysis stage when the conversion rate was greater than 0.6. The sum of yields of benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene in Huangling coal rapid pyrolysis tar was 33.57%, of which the yields of BTXE were 11.81%, 13.80% 7.31% and 0.96%, respectively.

Magnesium, nickel and zirconium were loaded respectively on the USY by excess impregnation method. The characterization by XRF, SEM, NH₃-TPD and other means showed that the loading of metal did not change the phase of USY, and the specific surface area of molecular sieve decreased and the acid content of Ni, Zr modified USY increased under this condition. They were used in the catalytic pyrolysis of Huangling coal, it was found that the distribution of products was still dominated by monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs and phenols; the types of organic substances in the products reduced, the content of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased, and the highest yield of tar components was transferred from T to B compared with the conventional pyrolysis of raw coal. By comparison, it was found that Zr-USY had the best effect of naphthalene-increasing and phenol-reducing, the yield of naphthalene was 2.32 times that of raw coal, and the phenols decreased from 15.55% to 11.17%; the content of BTXE increased the most in the catalytic pyrolysis product by Zr-USY, from 33.57% that of raw coal to 43.96%, and the yields of BTXE reached 17.05%, 15.85%, 9.87% and 1.19%, respectively; the content of PAHs in the catalytic pyrolysis product by Ni-USY was the lowest, indicating that it was beneficial to the ring-opening cracking of heavy components.

Bimetal modified USY were prepared with different Ni loadings based on Zr-USY, and it was found that the loading of Ni increased the specific surface area, the amount of weak acid and the content of strong acid of Zr-USY by characterization. They were used in the catalytic pyrolysis of Huangling coal, and it was found that the distribution of aliphatic compounds, PAHs and phenols was more uniform, the synergistic effect between Zr-Ni and USY acid sites promoted the hydrogenation and ring-opening cracking of PAHs and reduced the catalytic activity of 3Zr-USY for naphthalene and its derivatives, exhibiting a “naphthalen-decreasing” phenomenon and resulting in the reduction of PAHs. The yield of B in the catalytic pyrolysis product was the highest when the Ni loading was 2%, reaching 19.45%, which was 1.65 times that of the raw coal; and the content of PAHs was the lowest. It was obtained that 3Zr/2Ni-USY had high catalytic activity for B and can ensure the ring-opening cracking of heavy components in the catalytic pyrolysis to achieve tar upgrading.

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