随着煤炭开采深度的持续增加，传统采煤工艺由于采掘接替紧张等问题，在中深度矿井中效率低下，难以适应社会快速发展。沿空留巷技术因其突出优势得以迅速发展。本文以红柳林项目煤北二盘区4^-2煤44203工作面为背景，对沿空留巷后顶板、充填体变形、顶板离层及实体帮变形过大问题展开研究，结合理论计算、数值模拟与现场监测，研究切顶参数、充填体受力与围岩变形规律、锚杆长度、直径等参数选取对围岩的影响规律。研究成果在红柳林煤矿得以应用并取得较好的经济效益，主要成果如下：

（1）基于对沿空留巷基本顶破断的研究，对采空区垮落及围岩变形规律进行分析。运用数值模拟方法，分析爆破时切顶高度、预裂角度对顶板掉落的影响，以及围岩变形与充填体垂直应力分布的影响特性，最终确定合理的切顶参数。

（2）针对沿空留巷围岩破坏特征及承载力变化进行研究，得到沿空留巷顶板岩层经历上一回采工作面基本顶岩层破断旋转下沉，导致下一工作面受到超前支承应力影响，进而使巷道出现较大变形破坏。基于此，确定顶板沿空留巷巷内合理支护组合形式。

（3）基于上述研究成果，通过将沿空留巷矿压观测与数值模拟对照，得出结果表明：研究确定的切顶技术方案及切顶参数、充填体力学参数、巷内支护技术方案及支护参数能够有效控制4^-2煤北二盘区工作面顶板沿空留巷围岩变形，研究成果具有一定的工程实用性。

With the continuous increase of coal mining depth, the traditional coal mining technology has low efficiency in medium-depth mines due to problems such as tight mining replacement, and it is difficult to adapt to the rapid development of society. Gob-side entry retention technology has developed rapidly because of its outstanding advantages. In this paper, taking the 4^-2coal 44203 working face of Coal North No. 2 of Hongliulin Project as the background, the problems of excessive deformation of roof and backfill body after gob-side entry retention, roof separation and solid side deformation are studied. Simulation and on-site monitoring are conducted to study the influence of parameters such as roof cutting parameters, backfill force and surrounding rock deformation law, bolt length and diameter on surrounding rock. The research results have been applied in Hongliulin Coal Mine and achieved good economic benefits. The main results are as follows:

Based on the study of the basic roof fracture of gob side entry retaining, the laws of gob collapse and surrounding rock deformation are analyzed. Using the numerical simulation method, the influence of the top cutting height and presplitting angle on the roof falling during blasting, as well as the influence characteristics of the surrounding rock deformation and the vertical stress distribution of the filling body are analyzed, and the reasonable top cutting parameters are finally determined.

(2) The study on the damage characteristics and bearing capacity changes of the surrounding rock of gob side entry shows that the roof rock of gob side entry has experienced the breaking and rotating subsidence of the basic roof rock of the previous mining face, which has led to the influence of the leading bearing stress on the next working face, thus causing a large deformation and failure of the roadway. Based on this, the reasonable support combination form in gob side entry with roof is determined.

(3) Based on the above research results, by comparing the ground pressure observation of gob side entry retaining with the numerical simulation, the results show that the roof cutting technical scheme and the roof cutting parameters, the mechanical parameters of the filling body, the support technical scheme and the support parameters in the roadway determined by the research can effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock of gob side entry retaining roof in the working face of the No. 2 panel of No. 4^-2 coal mine, and the research results have certain engineering practicality.

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