工业革命在推动人类社会快速发展的同时，也打破了人与自然之间的平衡，造成了较为严重的生态问题。马克思恩格斯生态思想是对这一历史进程反思、批判的理论成果。在批判地继承黑格尔的生态思想以及费尔巴哈的人本主义、积极汲取自然科学相关优秀理论成果的基础上，马克思恩格斯深刻分析资本主义制度下机器大工业化带来的生态破坏，并对这一问题的解决提出了自己的理论主张。当前，解决全球性的生态危机刻不容缓，通过挖掘和系统梳理马克思恩格斯生态思想，处理好人、自然与社会三者之间的关系，有利于指导解决我国在生态文明建设中所存在的问题，从而推动中国特色社会主义生态文明建设的进程。基于国内外学者对马克思恩格斯生态思想的理论研究，加之自身的理解对这一思想探析并根据解决现实问题的需要进行深入思考。论文除绪论及结语外，主要包括三部分：

第一部分主要论述马克思恩格斯生态思想产生与发展的时代背景、理论来源及演进脉络。这一思想产生于机器化大生产时期，科学技术的使用虽提高了生产效率，但随之而来加剧了人、自然、社会三者之间的异化。此外，资本主义制度下生产方式造成了严重环境污染，这激起了无产阶级谋求生存环境激烈地抗争。马克思恩格斯汲取18-19世纪自然科学理论成果的基础上，批判地继承黑格尔自然观和费尔巴哈人本主义自然观，从而形成了他们独有的生态思想。通过对马克思恩格斯不同时期经典著作的梳理与归纳，可以将其发展历程划分为孕育、形成与成熟三个阶段。

第二部分主要着力于对马克思恩格斯生态思想的主要内容与理论特征的研究。作为以唯物史观方法论为内核的有机整体，马克思恩格斯生态思想的主要内容呈现出鲜明的历史辩证与实践指向，其主要内容涵盖了人与自然和谐的生态理念、物质变换理论的生态阐释、自然环境问题的生态批判、“两个和解”的生态向度以及实现共产主义的生态旨归五个方面。在对马克思恩格斯生态思想主要内容的研究基础之上，不难发现，马克思恩格斯生态思想中内蕴着敢于批判的精神、和谐发展的思维、善于实践的品质以及浓厚的人文情怀的鲜明特征。

第三部分系统阐述马克思恩格斯生态思想对当今中国生态文明建设的现实启示，为新时代中国特色社会主义生态文明建设提供指导。通过分析当下中国在生态文明建设进程中所取得的突出成就与遇到的现实挑战，在突出成就方面，具体包括人与自然日益和谐，生态系统趋向稳定、着重治理环境污染，有效遏制环境恶化、秉持绿色发展理念，低碳转型成效显著；在现实挑战方面，主要包括落实绿色发展理念存在偏差、经济发展与环境保护存在失衡、生态环境保护体系尚不完善及公众生态环境保护参与度不足。马克思恩格斯生态思想能够永葆青春的秘诀就在于始终以解决问题为导向。这一思想对当下生态文明建设遇到的困境具有重要意义，要求我们在生态文明建设过程中坚持以人为本、生态优先的发展的理念，激发绿色生产力的新动能，不断健全生态环境保护法律法规以及营造尊重自然的良好氛围。

研究马克思恩格斯生态思想，不仅能够通过梳理经典著作还原其真面目，还能重新审视一些学者在此问题上的误解。因此，马克思恩格斯生态思想对人们认清生态危机并寻求破解之道的过程中不仅提供了强有力的理论支撑，而且也指导着当前我国人与自然和谐共生的现代化建设。

While the development of industrial civilization has brought great benefits, it has broken the balance between man and nature, triggered a global economic and ecological crisis, and caused a high tension between man and nature. Faced with increasingly severe ecological problems, ecological environment is the basic condition for human survival and development, and human beings have no time to delay in the important task of respecting nature, adapting to nature and protecting nature. Marx and Engels' ecological thought was formed during the Industrial Revolution, and gradually developed on the basis of deeply analyzing the ecological destruction brought about by machine industrialization under the capitalist system, criticizing and inheriting Hegel's ecological thought and  Bernbach's humanism. By excavating and systematically sorting out Marx and Engels' ecological thought and dealing with the relationship among the good people, nature and society, it will help to guide and solve the problems existing in China's ecological civilization construction, so as to promote the process of socialist ecological civilization construction with Chinese characteristics.On the basis of the theoretical research of domestic and foreign scholars, and in addition to their own understanding, this paper explains Marx and Engels' ecological thought and conducts in-depth analysis according to the needs of solving practical problems. The thesis mainly includes three parts:

 The first section explores the genesis of Marx and Engels' ecological thought, tracing its development within the industrial revolution context. Their frame work emerged as technological progress increased production efficiency while intensifying threefold alienation: from nature, from others, and from society.The capitalist mode of production has caused serious environmental pollution, but it has also aroused the proletariat to struggle for living environment. On the basis of absorbing the excellent theoretical achievements of natural science, Marx and Engels criticized and inherited Hegel's ecological thought and Bernbach's humanism, and formed their unique ecological thought. By combing and summarizing the classic works of Marx and Engels in different periods, the evolution of them can be divided into three stages: gestation period, formation period and maturity period.

The second part mainly focuses on the essence and features of Marx and Engels' ecological thought. Its main contents include the ecological idea of harmony between man and nature, the ecological explanation of the theory of material transformation, the ecological criticism of natural environment, the ecological dimension of "two reconciliations" and the realization of the ecological objective of communism. We can conclude that his thought has the spirit of daring to criticize, harmonious development philosophy,practical approach,and humanistic.

The third section explores how Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy can inform and guide the development of ecological civilization in China today. Through the analysis of the current challenges encountered in the process of ecological civilization construction in China, mainly include the deviation in the implementation of the concept of green development, the imbalance between economic development and environmental protection, the imperfect ecological and environmental protection system and the insufficient participation of the public in ecological and environmental protection. The secret of Marxism's eternal youth is that it is always oriented towards solving problems. Marx and Engels' ecological thought, as an important part of Marxist theory, is no exception. This idea provides enlightenment to the current difficulties encountered in the construction of ecological civilization, we should adhere to the concept of people-oriented and ecological priority development, stimulate the new momentum of green productivity, constantly improve the laws and regulations on ecological environmental protection and create a good atmosphere of respect for nature.

The study of Marx and Engels' ecological thought can not only restore its true face by combing the classic works, but also re-examine the misunderstanding of some scholars on this issue. Therefore, the ecological thought of Marx and Engels provides strong theoretical support for people to recognize the ecological crisis and seek a way to solve it, and it also informs China’s current modernization strategy for achieving human-nature harmony.