蒙陕地区的冲击地压矿井受顶板砂岩含水层的影响，工作面煤体通常处于较高的含水状态。此外，在工作面回采前，为降低顶板富水区的影响，需进行疏放水处理，这一过程导致煤体围压发生变化，进而增加了富水煤体开采过程中冲击地压风险判别的难度。基于此，本文以自然煤体和饱水煤体为研究对象，采用理论分析、试验研究、对比分析及现场验证相结合的方法，系统研究了不同围压条件下两种煤体冲击破坏过程中声发射信号的时空强特征，并计算其冲击破坏前的前兆指标数值。通过对比分析不同煤体的前兆指标特征，筛选出适用于富水条件下冲击地压监测预警的前兆指标，并结合不同围压条件下饱水煤体冲击破坏的前兆指标特征，进一步验证其适用性。主要研究成果如下：

（1）基于实验室试验，模拟工作面煤层开采过程中煤体周围应力的演化过程，研究自然煤体与饱水煤体在冲击破坏过程中的声发射事件时空强特征。结果表明：自然煤体与饱水煤体在破坏阶段均呈现出能量集中释放的特征，所有煤体的能量累计曲线均呈现出明显的“台阶状”或“缓台阶状”特征，该阶段可视为煤体冲击破坏的前兆。

（2）利用试验数据中声发射事件的时间、空间坐标、能量等参数，计算10个矿震前兆指标，分析自然煤体与饱水煤体冲击破坏前兆指标特征。研究发现，b值、A(b)值、Z-map值、矿震活动度、等效能级参数及断层总面积等6个指标在饱水煤体破坏前具有显著的前兆特征，可作为冲击破坏的预警指标。进一步研究表明，在不同围压条件下，这些指标仍然保持较高的适用性。

（3）基于建庄矿业4^-2302工作面微震数据，开展微震事件的时空强特征分析，揭示了微震空间分布特征及高能微震事件的周期性规律。数值计算结果显示，b值、A(b)值、Z-map值、矿震活动度、等效能级参数及断层总面积等6个指标呈现显著的前兆特征。通过对实验室与现场条件下前兆指标特征的对比分析，发现两种尺度下前兆指标的变化趋势一致，进一步验证了所选前兆指标在冲击地压监测预警中的可行性。

本文的研究成果可为富水工作面冲击地压的监测预警提供科学依据，并为煤矿冲击地压防治措施的优化提供理论支持。

Coal seams in rock burst mines of the Meng-Shaan region are typically characterized by high moisture content due to the presence of water-bearing sandstone aquifers in the roof strata. Before working face mining, drainage measures are usually implemented to mitigate the influence of roof aquifers, which subsequently alters the confining stress conditions of the coal mass. This change complicates the assessment of rock burst risk during the mining of water-rich coal seams.To address this issue, this study investigates both natural and water-rich coal under various confining stress conditions using an integrated approach combining theoretical analysis, laboratory testing, comparative analysis, and field validation. The spatial-temporal characteristics and energy evolution of acoustic emission (AE) signals during the rock burst failure process of both types of coal were systematically examined. Meanwhile, precursor indicators were computed to evaluate their variation patterns prior to failure.By comparing the precursor indicators of natural and water-rich coal, this study identifies those most suitable for rock burst monitoring and early warning in water-rich conditions. Further, the applicability of these indicators was verified under varying confining stresses during the failure of water-rich coal. The main findings are as follows:

(1) Laboratory experiments were conducted to simulate the stress evolution around the coal body during working face mining. The spatial-temporal and energy characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) events during the rock burst failure process of both natural and water-rich coal samples were analyzed. The results show that both types of coal exhibit concentrated energy release in the failure stage. All cumulative energy curves display a distinct "stepwise" or "gentle stepwise" pattern, which can be considered a precursor to rock burst failure.

(2) Based on the temporal, spatial coordinates, and energy parameters of acoustic emission events obtained from the experimental data, ten precursor indicators of rock burst-related seismicity were calculated to analyze the characteristic differences of these indicators between natural coal and water-rich coal during the rock burst failure process. The results indicate that six indicators—namely, the b value, A(b) value, Z-map value, seismic activity rate, equivalent energy level parameter, and total fault area—exhibit significant precursory characteristics in water-rich coal and can be utilized as early warning indicators of rock bursts. Further analysis confirms the robustness and applicability of these indicators under varying confining stress conditions.

(3) Using microseismic monitoring data from the 4^-2302 working face of the Jianzhuang Coal Mine, the spatial-temporal and energy characteristics of microseismic events were analyzed. The spatial distribution patterns and periodic trends of high-energy microseismic events were revealed. Quantitative results show that the same six precursor indicators exhibit pronounced anomalies prior to strong events. By comparing laboratory and field-scale precursor indicator patterns, it was found that the trends are consistent across scales, further validating the feasibility of these indicators for rock burst monitoring and early warning in water-rich conditions.

The outcomes of this study provide a scientific foundation for the monitoring and early warning of rock bursts in water-rich working faces and offer theoretical support for optimizing rock burst prevention and control strategies in coal mines.

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