随着我国经济的高速发展，高速公路的修建也越来越广泛，不可避免要穿越煤矿开采沉陷区，而目前国内外对开采沉陷区对高速公路影响研究还处于初步阶段。本文以高速公路穿越长壁全部垮落法开采所形成的开采沉陷区为例，对高速公路的影响评价进行了研究。 论文分析和归纳了影响地表沉陷的地质和采矿因素，并运用灰关联理论对这些影响因素的影响程度进行了排序。分析了已有的水平、缓倾斜和倾斜煤层的沉陷预测模型的优缺点及使用条件，在此基础上对已有的模型进行了改进，并对模型中形态参数 进行了讨论，得出其是由影响地表沉陷的因素所决定的，使用最小二乘法可以确定出参数 的值，参数确定后可以使用matlab绘制出函数图形，通过与实测的数据曲线的对比可说明改进模型的合理性。讨论完空间函数之后，再来讨论一下时间函数。通过分析下沉量、下沉速度和下沉加速度之间的函数关系，对时间函数模型及其各种改进型的合理性进行讨论，进而得出其中一个模型最为合理，本文在该模型的基础上，讨论了模型中参数 和 的物理意义，得出这两个参数是由地表下沉影响因素决定。并总结了以前学者对参数 的确定方法，使用最小二乘法可以确定出参数 ，参数确定后可以使用matlab绘制出函数图形，通过与实测的数据曲线的对比可说明该时间模型的合理性。结合开采沉陷区对高速公路影响的特点，及目前开采沉陷对高速公路影响的允许条件，建立开采沉陷区对高速公路影响的空间和时间范围评价方法。该评价方法对于高速公路穿过采用长壁式全部垮落法管理顶板开采水平、缓倾斜或倾斜煤层所形成的采空区具有重要的指导意义。

Highway construction has become increasingly widespread with China's rapid economic development, inevitable to go through mine, and the current domestic and international impact on mining subsidence on the highway is still in the preliminary stages of research, At present, domestic and foreign mining subsidence on the impact study on the highway is still in a preliminary stage. In this paper highway through the entire longwall caving mining method formed by mining subsidence area, for example, on the impact assessment of the highway were studied. Analyzes and summarizes the impact of geological and mining subsidence factors, and the use of gray relational theory to the degree of influence of these factors were sorted. Analysis of the existing level, and tilt gently inclined seam subsidence prediction model advantages and disadvantages and conditions of use, on the basis of existing models has been improved, and the form of the model k parameters are discussed, which is derived by the impact of surface subsidence factors determined using least squares method to determine the value of the parameter k, the parameter can be determined using the matlab function graphs drawn by the comparison of the measured data curve may indicate improved model is reasonable. After discussing spatial functions, we discuss about a function of time. By analyzing the amount of sinking, sinking and sinking speed acceleration as a function of the time function model and its various improved rationality discussed and then come to one of the most reasonable model, this paper on the basis of the model on the discussion of the model parameters c and j, the physical meaning of these two parameters is derived from surface subsidence caused by factors. And summarizes the previous scholars on the method for determining the parameters c, using the least squares method to determine the parameters j, the parameters can be determined using the matlab function graphs drawn through the data with the measured contrast curve to illustrate the reasonableness of the time model. Combined effects of mining subsidence on the highway characteristics, and current effects of mining subsidence on the highway to allow conditions to establish mining subsidence impacts on the freeway spatial and temporal scales evaluation. The evaluation method used for the highway through the entire cross off the longwall mining method manager roof level, slowly tilted or inclined seam gob formed an important guiding significance.