摘 要 本文通过查阅大量关于高温炉的设计资料，按照艾奇逊炉的工作原理，在多年研究工作基础上对炉体的传热方式和使用特点进行了分析，确定了内热式超高温石墨化炉的使用功率，炉型尺寸和供电方式等参数。对炉芯的形状和尺寸采用工业艾奇逊炉表面负荷选型原则选型；对炉体保温材料的材质和尺寸的选择以多层壁傅里叶传热定律为基础复核。通过理论计算并采用模拟软件Ansys对炉体工作过程温度场进行模拟，以模拟参数为基础，设计并制造了超高温石墨化电阻炉，并对云南昭通无烟煤和陕北榆林烟煤进行了超高温制备实验。设计、制造和实验结果证明所设计的超高温石墨化电阻炉科学、可靠、实用。炉体造价廉价，实现方式简单，经济性好。但在炉体集成化、自动化和更高温度（3000℃以上）的实现尚有待于提高和研究探索。 将昭通无烟煤和榆林烟煤分别经2000℃，2200℃，2400℃，2600℃，2800℃和3000℃超高温处理，对处理后煤的成分、电阻率、微观组织、物相结构和内部分子官能团迁移过程等进行了测试和表征。研究结果表明：煤中水分、灰分和挥发分等物相随热处理温度的升高而逐渐转变并逸失，温度越高，物相转变越迅速，越彻底。超高温热处理能使煤炭从一种近似绝缘相转变为导电相，温度越高导电相转化效果越好，其中3000℃石墨化昭通无烟煤的电阻率最小为0.02255Ω•m，接近石墨的电阻率0.02004Ω•m，而同一温度段石墨化的榆林烟煤的电阻率是石墨的十倍以上。石墨化煤的衍射峰的强度和结晶度都在不断增加，当超高温热处理温度达到3000℃时，无论是无烟煤还是烟煤其（002）晶面衍射峰都强度快速增加。石墨化无烟煤的结构已经与典型石墨晶型结构晶面衍射曲线十分近似，其中石墨化昭通无烟煤的结晶度达到了93%，而石墨化榆林烟煤的结晶度仅为63%。煤炭的超高温热处理温度越高，固定碳从非晶态向晶态转变越多，相的数量也就愈单一。对超高温热处理过的昭通无烟煤和榆林烟煤的形貌进行观察，发现石墨化的昭通无烟煤的结构从2000℃开始就产生细小的微晶颗粒，随着温度的上升，这些微晶不断发生蠕变，发育为柱状结构，在2800℃又转变为片状石墨，最终在3000℃时候长大成与石墨近似的片状结构。而经过石墨化的榆林烟煤的2400℃才产生小微晶，2800℃微晶蠕变成柱状结构，但是到了3000℃仍未转变为片状结构。

ABSTRACT In this article, a lot of information about the design of the high temperature furnace have been through access,determine the internal heating type ultra high temperature graphitization furnace using power, furnace type size and parameters such as power supply way according to the working principle of acheson sic smelting furnace, based on years of research work on the way of heat transfer in the furnace body and use characteristics are analyzed. On the shape and size of the furnace core adopts industrial acheson furnace surface load selection principle of selection; The selection of furnace insulation material and size based on the Fourier heat transfer law of multilayer wall review. Through the theoretical calculation and the simulation software Ansys is adopted to the working process of the furnace body, to simulate the temperature field on the basis of simulation parameters, designed and manufactured with internal ultra high temperature graphitization resistance furnace, and to come from the yunnan zhaotong region of ultrapure anthracite graphitization treatment. Design, manufacture and link design is demonstrated in that the internal heating type ultra high temperature graphitization stove has authenticity, reliability, practical and scientific. Furnace cost cheap, implementation is simpler, better economy. But the degree of furnace body integration, automation of water and higher temperature (above 3000 ℃) remains to be further raising the exploration and research. Respectively to put Yunnan zhaotong anthracite and shaanxi yulin coal ito high temperature heat treatment in 2000 ℃, , 2200 ℃, 2400 ℃, 2600 ℃, 2800 ℃ and 3000 ℃. Then test and characterize the chemical composition, resistivity, microstructure, phase composition and internal functional groups migration process was tested and characterization of these two kind of graphite coal.Based on comparative analysis ，it is concluded that moisture, ash content and volatile in the coal is gradually decreasing along with ascension of heat treatment temperature . the higher the temperature, phase transformation, the more quickly and completely. the rest is mainly the carbon atoms in 3000 ℃.The process of heat treatment could shift the coal from a kind of approximate insulation phase to conductive phase. the higher the temperature, the better the conductive effect of phase transform .In 3000 ℃, resistivity of yunnan zhaotong graphitization anthracite is minimum which is 0.02255 Ω. m.It is close to the resistivity of graphite that is 0.020Ω. m.In the same temperature , resistivity of the shaanxi yulin graphitization bituminous is ten times more resistivity of graphite.The crystallinity and the diffraction peak strength of graphitization coal are increasing. when the heat treatment temperature is 3000 ℃, crystal plane (002)diffraction peak got rapidly ascent in anthracite and bituminous coal.The crystal plane diffraction curve of graphitization anthracite is approximate to graphite’s. it is 93% that the crystallinity of Yunnan zhaotong graphitization anthracite is . it is 63% that the crystallinity of Shaanxi yulin graphitization bituminous coal is.It is show that the higher the heat treatment temperature, the more completely fixed carbon transition from amorphous to crystalline, the more the single of phase.We observe that morphology of these two kind of coal in the each high temperature heat treatment. It is found that graphitization anthracite coal generate tiny microcrystalline particles in 2000 ℃.with the temperature rising, the microcrystalline creep and grow up to the columnar structure. It turn into flake structure in 2800 ℃. It eventually grow up to graphitization lamellar structure in 3000 ℃.But Shaanxi yulin graphitization bituminous coal generate tiny particle in 2400 ℃.These microcrystalline creep into columnar structure in 2800 ℃.But, in the 3000 ℃,it still not to turn into a lamellar structure.