区段煤柱稳定性控制是近距离煤层安全开采的关键问题之一。实时监测区段煤柱应力分布特征及内部变形时空演化规律，是判断煤柱稳定性最直接有效的方法，是回采巷道围岩支护设计的实际依据。近年来，国内外学者围绕近距离煤层安全开采这一问题，对区段煤柱设计理论与稳定性判别方法进行了大量的理论研究和工程实践。本文以前人研究结果为基础，对大柳塔煤矿活鸡兔井上覆遗留煤柱影响下区段煤柱变形分区表征这一问题，应用理论计算、相似模拟实验、数值模拟和现场实测相结合的方法，研究了近距离煤层上煤层开采对下煤层的应力扰动特征，分析了遗留煤柱影响下，一次采动过程中区段煤柱应力分布规律及内部变形特征。主要研究工作及取得的成果如下：

（1）通过单轴压缩、等幅循环、恒下限梯度循环加卸载实验得出，随着加卸载应力增大，极限峰值时应变值变大，煤岩损伤变形增大，更容易破坏，进一步说明在上覆遗留煤柱应力扰动下，区段煤柱变形破坏程度更加严重。

（2）建立了近距离煤层应力传递计算模型，通过理论计算分析了上覆遗留煤柱和采空区对区段煤柱传递的应力叠加情况；基于SMP准则建立了采空区侧煤柱塑性区计算模型，代入活鸡兔井相关地层参数，计算得到当2^-2煤一侧采空时区段煤柱塑性区宽度；提出了煤柱变形光纤应变表征模型，研究结果表明破碎区内的应变增量、增速的大小是围岩应力环境恶化的直观响应，可直接表征松动区破碎煤体挤压的剧烈程度。

（3）通过相似模拟实验和数值计算，得到上覆遗留煤柱应力扰动范围及分布特征。并且在一次采动过程中，出煤柱阶段的侧向支承压力均大于进、过遗留煤柱阶段，是由于出煤柱阶段间隔岩层垮落，2^-2煤层顶板破断贯通上煤层，上煤层载荷几乎全部传递至下煤层，造成支承压力增大。

（4）开展了大柳塔煤矿活鸡兔井区段煤柱现场实测，实现煤柱内部光纤监测变形分区表征。通过钻孔植入的方式在区段煤柱中布设光纤光栅应力计与分布式光纤传感器，对煤柱内部应力演化及变形程度进行实时监测。一次采动期间工作面超前支承压力影响范围大于等于60m；侧向支承压力峰值出现在滞后工作面117m位置处，且出煤柱位置峰值应力大于进煤柱时的峰值应力，与理论计算、数值模拟结果一致。根据分布式光纤测量结果，在一次采动期间，对区段煤柱进行分区表征，工作面进遗留煤柱前采空区侧煤柱松动区范围约5.7m，支护影响区1.5m；随着工作面的推进，出遗留煤柱后采空区侧煤柱松动区范围约5.5m，支护影响区1m。二者宽度远小于煤柱宽度（15m），煤柱整体稳定。

The stability control of section coal pillar is one of the key problems in the safe mining of close distance coal seam. The stability of the section coal pillar is related to the buried depth of the coal seam, the thickness of the coal seam, the physical and mechanical properties of the coal body, the geological structure and other factors. Real-time monitoring of the stress distribution characteristics of the section coal pillar and the temporal and spatial evolution of the internal deformation is the most direct and effective method to judge the stability of the coal pillar. It is the actual basis for the design of the surrounding rock support of the mining roadway. For many years, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of theoretical research and engineering practice on the design theory and stability discrimination method of section coal pillar around the problem of safe mining of close coal seams. Based on the previous research results, the deformation and failure zone characterization of the section coal pillar under the influence of the overlying residual coal pillar in the Huojitu well of Daliuta Coal Mine is studied. The method of theoretical calculation, similar simulation test, numerical simulation and field measurement is used to study the stress disturbance characteristics of the lower coal seam under the influence of the upper coal seam mining in the close distance coal seam. The stress distribution law and deformation and failure characteristics of the section coal pillar during the mining process are analyzed. The main research work and achievements are as follows :

1) Through the constant amplitude loading and unloading experiments under different stress cycle amplitudes, with the increase of loading and unloading stress, the strain value at the ultimate peak becomes larger, the damage deformation of coal rock increases, and it is easier to be destroyed, which further shows that under the stress disturbance of the overlying remaining coal pillar, the deformation and failure degree of the section coal pillar is more serious.

2)  The stress transfer calculation model of close distance coal seam is established, and the stress value of 1.8γH transmitted by overlying residual coal pillar and goaf to section coal pillar is obtained by theoretical calculation. Based on the SMP criterion, the calculation model of the plastic zone of the coal pillar on the side of the goaf is established, and the relevant formation parameters of the Huojitu well are substituted. The width of the plastic zone of the coal pillar is 5.7 m when the No.2^-2 coal side is mined out. The fiber-optic strain characterization model of coal pillar deformation is proposed. The results show that the strain increment and growth rate in the broken zone are the intuitive response to the deterioration of surrounding rock stress environment, which can directly characterize the intensity of crushing coal in the loose zone.

3) Through similar simulation experiments and numerical calculations, the stress disturbance range and distribution characteristics of the overlying remaining coal pillars are obtained. In addition, in the process of one mining, the lateral abutment pressure in the coal pillar stage is greater than that in the coal pillar stage, which is due to the collapse of the interval strata in the coal pillar stage, the roof of No.2^-2 coal seam breaks through the upper coal seam, and the load of the upper coal seam is almost all transmitted to the lower coal seam, resulting in the increase of abutment pressure.

4)  The field measurement of coal pillar in Huojitu well section of Daliuta Coal Mine was carried out to realize the deformation zoning characterization of optical fiber monitoring inside coal pillar. The fiber grating stress meter and distributed optical fiber sensor are arranged in the section coal pillar by means of borehole implantation to monitor the internal stress evolution and deformation degree of the coal pillar in real time. During the first mining period, the influence range of the advance abutment pressure of the working face is greater than or equal to 60 m ; the peak value of the lateral abutment pressure appears at the position of 117 m behind the working face, and the peak stress at the position of the coal pillar is greater than the peak stress at the coal pillar, which is consistent with the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation results. According to the results of distributed optical fiber measurement, during a mining period, the section coal pillar is characterized by zoning. The loose area of the side coal pillar in the goaf before the working face enters the remaining coal pillar is about 5.7 m, and the supporting influence area is 1.5 m. With the advancement of the working face, the loose area of the coal pillar on the side of the goaf is about 5.5m, and the supporting influence area is 1m. The width of the two is much smaller than the width of the coal pillar ( 15m ), and the coal pillar is stable as a whole.

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