为满足煤炭工业经济增长方式的转变的需求，煤矿生产方式发生了很大的变化，生产机械化程度大幅度提高，生产集中化程度不断加大，使煤矿具有生产能力大、运输距离长、工作面连续推进距离长的特点，进而对煤矿安全保障提出了新的要求。煤矿事故扩散速度快导致的危险区域大、逃生路线长，给井下作业人员安全撤离带来困难。建立井下避灾硐室系统有效地缩短逃生路线，克服地面救援的单一性，弥补营救时间的不足，从而提高井下作业人员的生存机率。井下避灾硐室的应用将增强煤矿系统抵御灾害的能力，有效地减少煤矿灾害带来的损失。 论文在分析国内外相关研究和我国煤矿生产特点的基础上，结合煤矿灾害的特点及现有避灾方式的不足，提出建立井下避灾硐室系统的需求性；基于灾害后人员的逃生需求，进行避灾硐室的反馈设计；建立以逃生时间为主要参数的避灾硐室与人员集中点的距离模型，并借鉴地铁中火灾人群疏散原理，用疏散时间检验距离的合理性，进而确定避灾硐室的位置；结合爆炸冲击波在巷道中传播规律，研究各区域避灾硐室的类型和布设，建立井下避灾硐室系统；根据不同类型避灾硐室的要求，给出设计依据、原理和方法。本论文在煤矿井下避灾硐室方面的研究，完善了我国煤矿应急救援的发展需求，最大限度保障生命财产安全。

With the changing of economic growth mode of coal industry, the coal working patterns and structures have been greatly changed, especially the increasing of mechanize and the sending up of centralization, which has raised a new claim for insurance. Modern coalmines have been characterized by high production capacity, far transportation range and continuous working face advancing, which result in high production and efficiency, but more difficulties for workmen retreating. The coalmine accidents leading to big dangerous region and long escaping distance make it difficult for survivors to escape when they happened. The underground refuge system, which is set up by regional separation, can effectively shorten the escaping distance and increase the survival possibility of workmen. Its usage would also overcome the singleness of ground rescuer, enrich the rescuer time, improve the disaster-resist ability of coalmines, and induce the loss brought by coalmine accidents. Based on correlation researches home and abroad and the production characters of coalmines in our country, combining with the characters of coalmine accidents and the shortage of refuge manner, the article presents the necessity of building the underground refuge system.According to the escaping requirements for workmen, it presented the feedback design refuge system, and built up the distance model about the refuge chamber and workers concentration point by considering the escape time as main parameter. Reference to the people evacuation principle in subway, the article used the evacuation time to check the reasonability of the distance. Therefore it can ascertain the location of refuge chamber. It researched on the chamber styles and arrangements, and set up the underground refuge system combining with the rule of shock wave propagation in the roadways. The establishment of underground refuge system will consummate the demand for coalmines emergency rescue of China, and protect life and property in maximal degree.