通过对西安市城区自然降雨试验及人工模拟降雨试验共计11场次降雨径流过程进行系统的分析研究，总结了西安市城区降雨径流污染物浓度随降雨历时的变化规律、径流污染物浓度分布特征、污染物冲刷特征等降雨径流特征，并对西安市城区年降雨径流污染物负荷量进行了估算。同时研究了人工模拟降雨试验在城市降雨径流污染研究领域的可行性及应用价值。研究结果表明： （1）西安市城区自然降雨径流试验结果显示，降雨径流污染的污染源大多为2mm以下的城市积尘。大雨条件下，交通区主干道的降雨径流污染情况较生活区道路污染严重，生活区旧楼沥青屋面的降雨径流污染情况较生活区新楼水泥屋面污染严重，充分说明社会活动剧烈的路面和沥青材料屋面具有更大的污染潜力，且多数降雨径流污染物浓度值超过国家地表水环境质量标准（GB3838-2002）中V类水质标准，属劣V类水质。 （2）由降雨径流污染特征分析结果可以看出，大雨条件下的降雨径流对城市下垫面冲刷剧烈，污染物浓度值变化较快；而场次降雨径流污染物浓度平均值与降雨强度及降雨量之间没有直接关系，同时降雨径流呈现初期冲刷特征。 （3）根据西安市城区自然降雨试验数据，对西安市城区降雨径流污染物负荷量进行估算，结果显示西安市城区2013.08~2014.08一年中的降雨径流污染物SS、COD、NH3-N、TN、TP、Cu、Zn的污染负荷量分别为14731.80t、7890.46t、37.76t、910.13t、54.50t、1.04t、5.19t，说明西安市城区自然降雨径流污染情况较为严重。 （4）通过人工模拟降雨试验结果可以看出，其特征值较自然降雨试验的代表性差，原因是人工模拟降雨的试验参数确定不够准确。但其场次降雨径流污染物浓度平均值与降雨强度及降雨量之间的关系和污染物初期冲刷特征与自然降雨径流特征相同。 （5）从源头控制和迁移途径控制两方面入手，对西安市城区降雨径流污染控制方法进行分析，以提高雨水资源利用率。

Analysis and research on 11 sessions of rainfall runoff process of urban rainfall experiment in Xi`an and artificial rainoff experiment,summarizes the urban rainfall runoff characteristics in xi`an,including the variation of the rainfall runoff pollutant concentration with rainfall,runoff pollutants concentration distribution,pollutants erosion features.And estimated the amount of rainfall runoff pollutant load per year in Xi`an.Also studied the feasibility and value of artificial rainfall experiment in urban runoff pollution research.The results show that: (1) The results of urban rainfall experiment in Xi`an show that,Most sources of runoff pollution is the city dust that below 2mm.Under the heavy rain conditions,traffic main road runoff pollution situation is more seriously than the road in living area,runoff pollution situation of old asphalt roof in living area is more seriously than the the new building cement roof in living area.It indicated fully that violent social activity and the roof of asphalt materials had greater pollution potential,and the most pollutant concentration of the rainfall runoff is exceed the national surface water quality standard (GB3838-2002) in Grade V standard,and the water quality is worse than Grade V. (2) The results of the rainfall runoff pollution characteristics analysis show that under the heavy rain condition,the rainfall runoff scouring the urban under surface heavly,pollutant concentration change quickly;there is on direct relationship between session rainfall runoff pollutant concentration average and rainfall intensity or rainfall prcipitation,and rainfall runoff experiments present first flush phenomenon. (3) According to the test data of urban rainfall experiment in Xi`an,estimated the urban runoff pollution load from august 2013 to august 2014 in Xi`an,and the pollution load of SS、COD、NH3-N、TN、TP、Cu and Zn is 14731.80t、7890.46t、37.76t、910.13t、54.50t、1.04t、5.19t respectively,so that it explained that the rainfall runoff pollution in Xi 'an is more seriously. (4) The results of the artificial rainfall experiment shows that its representation of eigenvalues are more poor than the urban rainfall experiment,the reason is that the test parameters of artificial rainoff experiment is not accurate enough.But its relationship between session rainfall runoff pollutant concentration average and rainfall intensity or rainfall precipitation is the same to the results of urban rainfall experiment. (5) Through the source control and migration pathways,analyzed the control methods of urban rainfall runoff pollution in Xi`an,and improve the utilization of rainwater resources.