随着浅部资源的枯竭以及我国对绿色矿山的建设越来越重视，采矿技术已向深部地层不断延伸，深部开采面临的更多的矿区固废弃物（尾砂、废石等）以及井下热害问题，使得处理大量固废、缓解热害并开发利用地热资源成为当前最重要的研究方向。

基于蓄热/储能功能性充填理念，本研究以尾砂为充填骨料，优选不同粒径的CaCl₂·6H₂O/膨胀蛭石定形相变材料（CEVC）加入其中，进而形成具有高蓄热能力的充填体，对不同灰砂比（1:4、1:6和1:8）和不同CEVC添加比例（3%、6%、9%和12%）下充填料浆的流动性能和充填体的力学性能、热学性能进行实验测试与分析。

在制备定形相变材料过程中，对6-20目、20-40目和40-60目CEVC热性能进行测试得到，20-40目CEVC其相变焓可达到97.81 J/kg，对于CaCl₂·6H₂O的最大封装能力达到60%，且300次热循环后其热损失率仅有3.93%，因此20-40目CEVC可作为优选被添加到充填体中发挥其蓄热功效。

添加CEVC的充填料浆符合非牛顿流体中的赫切尔-巴尔克模型。灰砂比的降低会增强流动性，但CEVC的加入则会使得流动性变差，本研究的CEVC加入比例下，至多可使坍落度降低5.96%。充填料浆的临界剪切速率随着CEVC添加比例的增多而增大，未添加CEVC、添加3%、6%、9%和12% CEVC的充填料浆临界剪切速率分别为34.8 s^-1、37.9 s^-1、40.8 s^-1、44.1 s^-1和50.1 s^-1。

充填体的单轴抗压强度和密度随着灰砂比的降低而减小，然而随着CEVC添加比例由3%增加至12%，其单轴抗压强度和密度至多可分别降低53.42%和7.37%，其主要原因是孔隙率随着灰砂比的降低和CEVC添加比例的增加而增加。

不同灰砂比的充填体比热容随温度的升高而增大，且比热容与灰砂比、CEVC添加比例为正相关关系，本研究的CEVC加入比例下，其显热和潜热蓄热能力至少可分别提高10.74%和218.97%。充填体导热系数随着灰砂比的降低而减小，随CEVC添加比例的增加亦减小，但降低程度无明显规律，充填体导热系数随温度的升高而增加。热学性能测试表明添加CEVC的充填体蓄/释热温度循环范围推荐为20℃至40℃。

基于层次分析法和TOPSIS法推荐的添加CEVC的充填材料配比方案为灰砂比1:6且添加12%的CEVC，可在满足力学和流动性能的前提下具有较好的蓄热性能，为定形相变材料应用于充填体性能研究提供基础数据。

With the exhaustion of shallow resources and the increasing emphasis on the green mines in China, mining technology has been extended to deep mines continuously, and deep mining faces more solid wastes (tailings, waste rocks, etc.) and underground heat harm problems, which makes it the most important research direction to deal with a large amount of solid wastes, alleviate heat damage and utilize geothermal resources.

Based on the concept of heat storage functional backfill, this study takes tailings as backfill aggregate, and CaCl₂·6H₂O/expanded vermiculite shape stabilized phase change material (CEVC) with different particle sizes is preferably added into backfill material, in order to form backfill body with high heat storage capacity. The fluidity of backfill slurry, the mechanical and thermal properties of backfill body under different cement-tailing ratios (1:4, 1:6 and 1:8) and different CEVC addition ratios (3%, 6%, 9% and 12%) were tested and analyzed.

During the preparation of shape stabilized phase change material, the thermal performance of CEVC with 6-20 mesh, 20-40 mesh and 40-60 mesh were tested. It was found the phase change enthalpy of CEVC with 20-40 mesh reaches 97.81 J/kg, the maximum encapsulation capacity of CaCl₂·6H₂O reaches 60%, and the heat loss rate is only 3.93% after 300 thermal cycles. Therefore, CEVC with 20-40 mesh can be added into the backfill material as the best choice to exert its heat storage effect.

The backfill slurry with CEVC obeys the Hereshel-Bulkley model in non-Newtonian fluid. The decrease of cement-tailings ratio enhances the fluidity of slurry, but the addition of CEVC makes the fluidity of slurry worse. The slump can be reduced by up to 5.96% With the addition ratio of CEVC in this study. The critical shear rate increases with the increase of CEVC addition ratio. The critical shear rates of slurry without CEVC, with 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% CEVC addition are 34.8 s^-1, 37.9 s^-1, 40.8 s^-1, 44.1 s^-1 and 50.1 s^-1, respectively.

The uniaxial compressive strength and density of the backfill decrease with the decrease of the cement-tailings ratio. However, with the increase of CEVC addition ratio from 3% to 12%, the uniaxial compressive strength and density decrease by 53.42% and 7.37% respectively, which is mainly caused by the increase of porosity with the decrease of the cement-tailings ratio and the increase of CEVC addition ratio.

The specific heat capacity of backfill body with different cement-tailings ratios increases with the increase of temperature, and the specific heat capacity is positively correlated with the cement-tailings ratio and the addition ratio of CEVC. With the addition ratio of CEVC in this study, its sensible heat storage capacity and latent heat storage capacity can be increased by at least 10.74% and 218.97% respectively. The thermal conductivity of backfill body decreases with the decrease of cement-tailings ratio and the increase of CEVC addition ratio, but the degree of decrease has no obvious regularity, and the thermal conductivity increases with the increase of temperature. The thermal properties test shows that the temperature cycle range of backfill body with CEVC is recommended to be 20℃ to 40℃.

Based on the AHP-TOPSIS method, the backfill scheme (cement-tailings ratio of 1: 6 and 12% of CEVC) with CEVC was recommended. On the premise of meeting the fluidity and mechanical properties, this backfill scheme has strong heat storage performance, which can provide basic data for the research on application of shape stabilized phase change materials into the backfill body.

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