随着浅部资源的逐渐枯竭，深部开采将成为我们未来获取矿产资源的主要途径之一。尾砂胶结充填技术成为实现深部矿山安全、绿色、高效开采的重要技术载体。虽然胶结充填技术可以解决深部开采带来的高地压、固废处理等问题，但对于深部矿山面临的热害问题却束手无策。因此，是否存在一种采矿方法既可以解决矿山热害问题，又具备充填采矿工艺的好处？针对上述高温深井面临的热害、高地压以及固废处理等问题，基于功能性充填（Functional Backfill (FB)）概念，矿山功能性充填技术研究中心通过优化传统的充填采矿技术和降温方法，提出了一种新的解决方案。具体而言，就是将冰粒作为功能体引入到传统的充填技术中，使其具有主动降温作用。这种含有冰粒的充填体的充填技术，被称为含冰粒功能性充填技术（Iced Cemented Paste Backfill Technology）。

为了保证矿山功能性充填技术在深部矿山的成功应用，矿山功能性充填材料（Functional Backfill Materials, FBM）的设计与研究成为一个亟待解决的研究课题。含冰粒充填体（ICED_CPB）作为试用于ICED_CPB技术的功能充填材料，其优良的材料特性是ICED_CPB功能充填技术成功运用于实践的基础保障。因此，本文首先采用一系列测试方法对ICED_CPB的力学、电学以及声波特性进行测试研究，给出了适合于矿山运用的合理材料配比。在此基础之上，通过实时监测的方法测试了含冰粒充填体的水化过程，分析探究了冰粒对含冰粒充填体最本质的影响作用。通过本研究，可以为含冰粒功能性充填技术提供一些基础研究，同时为矿山充填实践提供指导。最终得到的主要结论如下：

1. 通过分析 ICED_CPB 微观结构发现，微观结构参数中的孔隙数、孔隙度分维值以及核磁渗透率随着冰水比（IWR）的增大呈现出减小后增大的趋势，然而孔隙圆形度则相反。

2. 通过分析 ICED_CPB 的材料宏观特性发现，随着冰水比（IWR）的增加，其电导率、声波以及单轴抗压强度均表现出先增大后减小的趋势。尤其是 ICED_CPB 的单轴抗压强度远大于 1.2MPa，完全满足矿山充填的基本要求。本研究最佳的实验配比为灰砂比=1/4，浓度=0.76，冰水比=1.2。

3. 通过研究ICED_CPB的水化过程发现，ICED_CPB的水化过程类似于传统的水泥水化过程，同样可以分为溶解期、诱导期、加速期、减速期以及缓慢反应期。以温度和电导率作为表征ICED_CPB水化过程的手段，均能够较好的反应ICED_CPB实际的水化过程。具体而言，随着冰粒含量的增加，ICED_CPB内部的温度越低，尤其是最高点温度。与普通的CPB的水化过程相比，ICED_CPB的加速期明显延长，缓慢反应期相对减小。以电阻率为ICED_CPB水化过程的表征手段发现，由于冰粒的存在，ICED_CPB内部各水化阶段均明显推迟，同时ICED_CPB的电导率曲线的波动更加剧烈。

4. 通过对ICED_CPB水化动力学研究发现，冰粒对ICED_CPB的影响作用在超早期（≤ 3d）主要体现在温度的影响，这是由于一般情况下充填体内部水分含量均足够水泥完全水化；但是随着龄期的增加，充填体内部温度逐渐恒定，但水分的不断耗散导致ICED_CPB内部的水分将成为主要的影响因素。

5. ICED_CPB作为一种新兴的功能性充填材料，其材料特性能够满足矿山充填的要求，具备良好的发展前景。本研究为传统矿山的工艺创新、材料研究提供了一定的借鉴。

At present, mineral resources near the earth surface are gradually depleting, resulting in excavations in the earth crust will become one of our main ways become a way to fulfill the world economic development. Cemented paste backfill (CPB) technology is an important technical carrier to realize safe, green and efficient mining in deep mines. Although cemented paste backfilling technology can solve high ground pressure and solid waste treatment, it could not deal with the heat damage problems faced by deep mines. Therefore, is there a method that can not only solve the problem of mine heat damage, but also have the benefits of CPB technology? In view of the above-mentioned problems of heat damage, high ground pressure and solid waste treatment faced by the high-temperature deep minning, The Functional Backfill Research Technology Center proposed a new solution by optimizing traditional backfilling mining techniques and cooling methods, and proposed functional backfill (Functional Backfill (FB)) concept. To be more specific, ice slag is added to the traditional CPB materials, enabling the traditional CPB material with the ice-cooling function. Such a new backfill technology is referred as the iced CPB (ICED_CPB) technology.

In order to ensure the successful application of functional backfill technology in deep mines, the design and research of functional backfill materials (FBM) has become an urgent research topic. Iced cemented paste backfill as a functional backfilling material, its excellent material properties are the basic guarantee for applying the ICED_CPB functional backfilling technology in practice. Therefore, this paper firstly takes a series of test methods to test the mechanical, electrical and acoustic characteristics of ICED_CPB, and gives a reasonable material ratio suitable for mine application. And then the real-time monitoring method was used to test the hydration process of the ICED_CPB, and the effect of ice slag on the cement hydration was analyzed and explored. This study will provide some basic information for the

functional backfilling technology (ICED_CPB technology), and study provides guidance for mine filling practice. The main conclusions are as follows:

1. It is found that the number of pores, the fractal dimension of porosity and the nuclear magnetic permeability show a decreasing trend with the increase of the ice-water ratio (IWR), but the circularity of the pores is opposite, by analyzing the microstructural parameters of ICED_CPB.

2. It is found that with the ice-water ratio (IWR) increasing, electrical conductivity, longitudinal wave velocity, and uniaxial compressive strength all increase first and then decrease, by analyzing the material macroscopic properties of ICED_CPB. Especially the uniaxial compressive strength of ICED_CPB is much greater than 1.2MPa. The best experimental ratio for this study is cement-tailing ratio = 1/4, concentration = 0.76, and ice-water ratio = 1.2.

3. It is found that the hydration process of ICED_CPB is similar to the traditional cement hydration process by studying the hydration process. It can also be divided into the dissolution period, the induction period, the acceleration period, the deceleration period, and the slow reaction period. The temperature and electrical conductivity both can better reflect the hydration process of ICED_CPB. The more the content of ice added, the lower the temperature inside ICED_CPB, especially the highest point temperature. Compared with the ordinary CPB hydration process, the acceleration period of ICED_CPB is significantly extended, and the slow reaction period is relatively reduced. Using the the resistivity of ICED_CPB to character the hydration process, it is found that due to the existence of ice particles, each hydration stage inside ICED_CPB is significantly delayed, and the fluctuation of the conductivity curve of ICED_CPB is more intense.

4. According to the ICED_CPB hydration kinetics, it is found that the effect of ice on ICED_CPB in the early-ages (≤ 3d) mainly reflected on the change of temperature. This is because the water content in the ICED_CPB is generally enough for the cement to fully hydrate. However with the increase of age, the internal temperature of the ICED_CPB is gradually constant, the water content inside the ICED_CPB to become the main influencing factor due to the continuous dissipation of water.

5. The material characteristics of ICED_CPB, as a functional back-filling material, could meet the requirements of ICED_CPB technology, which has good development prospects. This study provides case for the techonology innovation and material study of traditional mines.