随着全球性能源危机和环境恶化不断加剧，节能减排已成为全球共识，新能源电动汽车作为一种绿色出行方式逐步替代燃油汽车。针对现有电动汽车交流充电桩充电时间长、效率低的问题，大功率直流充电桩技术应运而生，尤其在国家政策扶持下，得到了迅猛发展。目前直流充电桩的前级整流器存在直流母线电压超调量大、网侧电流谐波含量高等缺点，因此研究一种谐波含量低、功率因数高的大功率充电桩具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。根据国网发布的大功率直流充电桩的技术指标，对15kW大功率直流充电桩整流器系统进行了研究与实现。

       论文以三相三开关VIENNA整流器为研究对象，根据拓扑结构和工作原理建立数学模型，通过abc-dq坐标变换简化数学模型，在此基础上设计了电压环和电流环PI控制器。针对电压外环采用PI控制策略时，参数整定较为复杂且负载突变情况下直流母线电压波动大等问题，提出一种基于遗传整定的电压外环模糊免疫PI控制策略。通过遗传算法对模糊免疫控制器参数进行寻优，得到最佳的K和η值代入模糊免疫PI控制器，进而在线调节PI参数，实现在负载突变情况下母线电压输出稳定的目的。同时针对VIENNA整流器中点电位不平衡的固有缺点，引入模糊PI自适应控制策略，在线修正PI参数，调节平衡因子实现输出侧上、下电容均压。

       在MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台中，搭建了三相三开关VIENNA整流器系统的仿真模型。将PI控制、模糊免疫PI控制和基于遗传整定的模糊免疫PI控制分别应用在电压外环中，仿真结果表明基于遗传整定的模糊免疫控制有效地减少直流母线电压的波动；同时将改进的中点电位平衡控制与PI控制的仿真结果进行对比，模糊PI控制能够有效地抑制中点电位偏移。进一步搭建了实验平台，实验数据表明母线电压在负载突变的情况下其波动为3.3%，上、下电容电压偏差在±2.2V以内变化，验证了基于遗传整定的模糊免疫PI控制策略可以提高VIENNA整流器系统的抗干扰性和鲁棒性，且改进的中点控制策略对直流侧中点电位平衡有良好的控制效果。

        With the global energy crisis and environmental deterioration worsening, energy conservation and emission reduction have become a global consensus, and new energy electric vehicles are gradually replacing fuel vehicles as a green travel mode. In view of the long charging time and low efficiency of the existing electric vehicle AC charging piles, the high-power DC charging pile technology came into being, especially with the support of national policies, it has developed rapidly. At present, the front-stage rectifier of DC charging piles has the disadvantages such as large DC bus voltage overshoot and high harmonic content of grid-side current. Therefore, it has important theoretical significance and practical value to study a kind of high-power charging pile with low harmonic content and high-power factor. According to the technical indicators of the high-power DC charging pile released by the State Grid, a set of 15kW high-power DC charging pile rectifier system was researched and designed.

        The thesis took the three-phase three-switch VIENNA rectifier as the research object, established a mathematical model according to the topology and working principle, simplified the mathematical model through abc-dq coordinate transformation, and designed the voltage loop and current loop PI controllers based on it. Aiming at the problems of complicated parameter setting when the PI control strategy was adopted for the voltage outer loop, and the large fluctuation of the DC bus voltage in the case of a sudden load change, which was likely to cause poor system stability, a fuzzy immune PI control strategy for the voltage outer loop based on genetic tuning was proposed. The fuzzy immune controller parameters were optimized by a genetic algorithm, and the best K and η values were substituted into the fuzzy immune PI controller, and then the PI parameters were adjusted online to achieve the purpose of stable bus voltage output under the condition of load mutation. At the same time, aiming at the inherent disadvantage of the imbalance of the neutral point potential of VIENNA rectifier, the fuzzy PI adaptive control strategy was introduced, the PI parameters were modified online, and the balance factor was adjusted to realize the voltage balance of the upper and lower capacitors at the output side.

        In the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform, the simulation model of three-phase VIENNA rectifier system with three switches was built. PI control, fuzzy immune PI control and fuzzy immune PI control based on genetic tuning were applied to the voltage outer loop respectively. The simulation results showed that the fuzzy immune control based on genetic tuning can effectively reduce the fluctuation of DC bus voltage. At the same time, the simulation results of the improved neutral point potential balance control and PI control were compared, which showed that the fuzzy PI control can effectively suppress the neutral point potential offset. The experimental results showed that the fluctuation of bus voltage was 3.3% and the deviation of upper and lower capacitor voltage was less than 2.2V under the condition of load mutation. It was verified that the fuzzy immune PI control strategy based on genetic tuning can improve the anti-interference and robustness of VIENNA rectifier system, The improved neutral point control strategy had good control effect on neutral point potential balance of DC side.

[1] 黄皓伦, 张江林, 庄慧敏,等. 浅析新基建下我国新能源汽车充电桩发展[J]. 南方农机, 2020, 51(21): 92-94.

[2] 周密, 陈志民, 尹慧玲,等. 电动汽车充电技术研究 [J]. 建筑电气, 2020, 39(11): 23-28.

[3] 张奇志. 直流充电桩的基本工作原理及技术发展趋势[J]. 电子产品世界, 2017, 24(10): 63-66.

[4] 李鹏飞, 刘文珍. 大功率交流车载充电与直流充电技术对比分析[J]. 机电一体化, 2015, 21(11): 23-28.

[5] ADHIKARI J, PRASANNA I V, PANDA S K. Reduction of Input Current Harmonic Distortions and Balancing of Output Voltages of the Vienna Rectifier Under Supply Voltage Disturbances [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(7): 5802-5812.

[6] 韩彬. 新能源汽车充电技术的现状及发展[J]. 汽车工程师, 2017, 4(240): 13-15.

[7] 刘敏, 周晓霞, 陈慧春,等. 采用三相不可控整流充电机的电动汽车充电站谐波放大效应分析与计算[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2016, 44(04): 36-43.

[8] ALI H, QAWAQZEH M Z H, ABBAS M ,et al. Implementation & Comparative Analysis of 10, 18 & 24 Level Diode Clamped Inverters Using "Trust Region Dog Leg" Method [J]. Circuits& Systems, 2015, 6(3): 70-80.

[9] 王兆安. 电力电子技术[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2005.

[10] 张崇巍, 张兴. PWM整流器及其控制[M]. 机械工业出版社, 2003.

[11] 王小峰, 邓焰, 何湘宁. 三相三电平二极管箝位型整流器的单载波调制和中点平衡控制策略研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2006, 26(008): 7-11.

[12] DE FREITAS I S, BANDEIRA M M, BARROS L D M ,et al. A Carrier-Based PWM Technique for Capacitor Voltage Balancing of Single-Phase Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped Converters [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2015, 51(4): 3227-3235.

[13] YACOUBI L, AL-HADDAD K, DESSAINT L A ,et al. Linear and Nonlinear Control Techniques for a Three-Phase Three-Level NPC Boost Rectifier [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2006, 53(6): 1908-1918.

[14] 周京华, 陈亚爱. 高性能级联型多电平变换器原理及应用[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2013.

[15] 严刚, 姚文熙, 李宾,等. 混合导通模式三相三电平VIENNA整流器控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2012, 27(012): 87-93.

[16] KOLAR J W, ERTL H. A Comprehensive Design Approach for a Three-Phase High-Frequency Single-Switch Discontinuous-Mode Boost Power Factor Corrector Based on Analytically-Derived Normalized Converter Component Ratings [J]. IEEE Trans actions on Industry Applications, 1995, 31(3): 569-582.

[17] 权运良. 三相三线制VIENNA整流器的研究与设计[D]; 华南理工大学, 2014.

[18] 林凌宇. Vienna整流器功率因数校正数字控制策略[J]. 电气技术, 2016, 17(002): 42-45.

[19] LIU B, REN R, JONES E ,et al. A Modulation Compensation Scheme to Reduce Input Current Distortion in GaN-Based High Switching Frequency Three-Phase Three-Level Vienna-Type Rectifiers [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018, 33(1): 283-298.

[20] MASWOOD A I, AL-AMMAR E, LIU F. Average and hysteresis current-controlled three-phase three-level unity power factor rectifier operation and performance [J]. Iet Power Electronics, 2011, 4(7): 752-758.

[21] FOUREAUX N C, OLIVEIRA J H, OLIVEIRA F D ,et al. Command Generation for Wide-Range Operation of Hysteresis-Controlled Vienna Rectifiers [J]. Industry Applications IEEE Transactions on, 2015, 51(3): 2373-2380.

[22] 宋卫章, 黄骏, 钟彦儒,等. 带中点电位平衡控制的Vienna整流器滞环电流控制方法[J]. 电网技术, 2013, 37(7): 1909-1914.

[23] 尹军. 基于变环宽的Vienna整流器滞环控制研究[J]. 电气自动化, 2016, 38(5): 4-7.

[24] 韦徵, 陈新, 樊轶,等. 单周期控制的三相三电平VIENNA整流器输出中点电位分析及控制方法研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(15): 29-37+18.

[25] 吴鹏. 数字单周期控制三相VIENNA整流器的研究与实现[M]. 广东工业大学.

[26] 王智, 方炜, 刘晓东. 数字控制的单周期PFC整流器的设计与分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(021): 3423-3431.

[27] 马辉, 危伟, 鄢圣阳,等. 三相Vienna整流器无差拍预测直接功率控制策略研究[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2020, 24(01): 95-103.

[28] 严刚, 杭丽君, 姚文熙,等. 三相四线VIENNA整流器及其数字控制策略研究[J]. 电力电子技术, 2011, 45(10): 10-11+23.

[29] 王贤东, 邵如平, 李艳. 基于滑模变结构与内模控制相结合的VIENNA整流器控制策略研究[J]. 电子技术应用, 2018, 44(09): 150-153.

[30] 黄一粟, 邵如平, 肖俊,等. 基于滑模变结构的重复控制VIENNA整流器研究[J]. 电子器件, 2020, v.43(06): 76-79+86.

[31] 冯兴田, 陶媛媛, 崔晓,等. 一种三相Vienna整流器的改进滑模控制策略[J]. 电力电子技术, 2019, 053(009): 53-55.

[32] 曾岳南, 郑雷, 周斌,等. 线性自抗扰控制技术在PWM整流器中的应用[J]. 电力电子技术, 2016, 50(08): 13-15.

[33] 袁东林, 邵如平, 许文钱,等. 基于新型自抗扰控制的VIENNA整流器控制策略[J]. 电力电子技术, 2019, 53(12): 102-105.

[34] 黄冠. 基于模糊分数阶PID的VIENNA整流器及其控制算法研究[D]; 上海交通大学, 2018.

[35] 杜荣茂. 改进PSO-BP神经网络的PWM整流器控制研究[D]; 兰州交通大学, 2012.

[36] 许文钱, 邵如平, 袁东林. 基于新颖粒子群算法高效VIENNA整流器的研究[J]. 电子技术应用, 2019, 45(003): 122-126,130.

[37] 张东升. 高功率因数VIENNA整流器控制策略的研究[D]; 哈尔滨工业大学, 2009.

[38] 党超亮, 同向前, 宋卫章,等. 三相Vienna整流器中点电位波动的机理分析与抑制[J]. 电力电子技术, 2018, 52(7): 13-15.

[39] 宋卫章, 戴智豪, 孙向东,等. 三相三电平VIENNA整流器中点电位波动混合抑制方法[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2019, 31(04): 94-100.

[40] CHOI U M, BLAABJERG F, LEE K B. Method to Minimize the Low-Frequency Neutral-Point Voltage Oscillations With Time-Offset Injection for Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverters [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2015, 51(2): 1678-1691.

[41] WANG C, LI Y. Analysis and Calculation of Zero-Sequence Voltage Considering Neutral-Point Potential Balancing in Three-Level NPC Converters [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2010, 57(7): 2262-2271.

[42] 李正明, 孔茗. VIENNA整流器中点电位平衡控制策略研究[J]. 电测与仪表, 2020, 57(06): 125-130.

[43] PARK J H, LEE J S, LEE K B. Sinusoidal Harmonic Voltage Injection PWM Method for Vienna Rectifier with an LCL-filter [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, 36(3): 2875-2888.

[44] ZHU W, CHEN C, DUAN S ,et al. A Carrier-based Discontinuous PWM Method with Varying Clamped Area for Vienna Rectifier [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018, 66(9): 7177-7188.

[45] ZHANG L, ZHAO R, JU P ,et al. A Modified DPWM with Neutral Point Voltage Balance Capability for Three-Phase Vienna Rectifiers [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, 36(1): 263-273.

[46] LEE J S, LEE K B. Carrier-Based Discontinuous PWM Method for Vienna Rectifiers [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(6): 2896-2900.

[47] DAS S, NARAYANAN G, PANDEY M. Space-Vector-Based Hybrid Pulsewidth Modulation Techniques for a Three-Level Inverter [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(9): 4580-4591.

[48] 张军凯, 韩峻峰. SVPWM原理及逆变技术的仿真研究[J]. 计算技术与自动化, 2016, 35(01): 46-51.

[49] 赵起问, 李俊杰, 姜建国. 三电平NPC逆变器改进虚拟空间矢量调制策略[J]. 电力电子技术, 2018, 52(12): 75-78.

[50] 李宁, 王跃, 雷万钧,等. 三电平NPC变流器SVPWM策略与SPWM策略的等效关系研究[J]. 电网技术, 2014, 38(05): 1283-1290.

[51] 韩会山, 靳晨聪, 毕艳军. 定频化VIENNA整流器模型预测电流控制[J]. 电气传动, 2021, 51(05): 76-80.

[52] 罗异, 刘和平, 程章格. VIENNA整流器网侧电流过零点波形畸变抑制方法[J]. 南方电网技术, 2016, 10(002): 18-23.

[53] 胡寿松. 自动控制原理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001.

[54] 汤伟, 王帅, 王玲利. 基于遗传模糊免疫算法的比例-积分-微分参数整定优化 [J]. 科学技术与工程, 2018, 18(31): 152-159.

[55] 段玉波, 马杰. 模糊免疫PID控制器设计及其仿真研究 [J]. 自动化技术与应用, 2017, 36(04): 106-110.

[56] 刘宝, 叶会会, 蔡梦迪. 基于免疫调节机制的参数自整定模糊控制器设计[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 50(04): 881-891.

[57] 柳善建, 刘西陲, 沈炯,等. 基于模糊Lyapunov函数的机炉协调跟踪控制器设计[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(11): 96-103+116.

[58] 马朋朋. VIENNA整流器SVPWM控制策略及中点电位平衡的研究[D]; 哈尔滨工业大学, 2015.

[59] 张龙威. 基于VIENNA的电动汽车大功率充电桩整流器的设计与实现[D]; 武汉理工大学, 2018.