氢燃料电池催化剂是氢燃料电池重要组成部分，对电池中所发生的电解反应起到重要催化作用，而氢燃料电池以氢气为能量载体，一旦受到外界碰撞挤压或接触到明火就可能存在爆炸风险。但以往研究却鲜有关注催化剂参与下对氢气爆炸风险影响及其作用机理，因此探索氢燃料电池催化剂如何影响氢气的爆炸特性具有重要意义。鉴于此，本文以铂氧化铝（Pt/Al₂O₃）、钌氧化铝（Ru/Al₂O₃）和镍铬合金（Ni/Cr）三种氢燃料电池催化剂和氢气作为研究对象，通过实验研究和数值模拟等方法，研究了氢燃料电池催化剂对氢气爆炸宏观特征及反应机理的影响规律，研究结果可为氢燃料电池及存在类似催化剂场景爆炸事故的防控提供参考和数据支撑。主要开展工作如下：

首先，利用20L球形爆炸装置，分析了氢燃料电池催化剂添加前后氢气爆炸压力参数、爆炸时间参数以及爆炸极限的变化特征，研究了三种催化剂对氢气燃爆特性的影响规律。结果表明，与未添加催化剂时相比，Pt/Al₂O₃、Ru/Al₂O₃和Ni/Cr催化剂能够一定程度促进氢气的最大爆炸压力上升速率、缩短氢气的燃烧时间和快速燃爆时间。其中，Pt/Al₂O₃催化剂对氢气爆炸的促进效果与Ru/Al₂O₃催化剂和Ni/Cr催化剂相比更为明显。随着三种氢燃料电池催化剂添加量的增加，氢气最大爆炸压力上升速率先增加后减小，爆炸时间、快速燃爆时间先缩短后增加；在添加量为500~800mg时，氢气的最大爆炸压力上升速率达到最大，爆炸时间、快速燃爆时间最小；与未添加催化剂时相比，对氢气爆炸的促进效果仍较为明显。

与此同时，通过高速摄像机获得了氢气火焰初期传播图像，结合“Canny”算法的边缘检测技术识别并提取了火焰锋面数据，计算了氢气火焰传播速度，揭示了氢燃料电池催化剂对氢气火焰传播的影响规律。结果表明，三种催化剂能够加快氢气火焰半径变化、提高氢气火焰传播速度。随着Pt/Al₂O₃、Ru/Al₂O₃、Ni/Cr三种氢燃料电池催化剂添加量的增加，氢气火焰充满视窗所用时长先减少后增大，且催化剂整体加快了火焰半径的变化、提高了火焰传播速度。

最后，使用动力学模拟软件Chemkin，系统分析了Pt催化剂影响氢气反应动力学过程，得到了混合体系反应组分变化、敏感性系数变化和反应路径等参数。结果显示，添加Pt催化剂后氢气的摩尔分数消耗速度比未添加Pt催化剂时更迅速，且由敏感性分析可知，氢吸附具有很强的正敏感性，与Pt催化剂接触后发生表面反应，其中生成大量活性自由基H、O、OH是促进氢气燃烧的主要因素。

综上所述，三种催化剂不会改变氢气的气相反应路径，只是降低反应活化能，减少反应壁垒，提高反应速率，从而能够促进氢气最大爆炸压力上升速率、提高氢气火焰传播速度，并且缩短爆炸时间和快速燃爆时间，使氢气爆炸危险性进一步提高。

Hydrogen fuel cell catalysts are an important component of hydrogen fuel cells and play an important catalytic role in the electrolysis reaction occurring in the battery. Hydrogen fuel cells use hydrogen as an energy carrier. Once they are subjected to external collision, compression or contact with open flames, there may be an explosion risk. However, previous studies have rarely paid attention to the impact of catalysts on the risk of hydrogen explosion and its mechanism of action. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore how hydrogen fuel cell catalysts affect the explosion characteristics of hydrogen. In view of this, this paper takes three hydrogen fuel cell catalysts and hydrogen, platinum alumina (Pt/Al₂O₃), ruthenium alumina (Ru/Al₂O₃) and nickel-chromium alloy (Ni/Cr), as research objects. Through experimental research and numerical simulation methods, the effects of hydrogen fuel cell catalysts on the macroscopic characteristics and reaction mechanism of hydrogen explosion are studied. The research results can provide reference and data support for the prevention and control of explosion accidents in hydrogen fuel cells and similar catalyst scenarios. The main work carried out is as follows: 

Firstly, using a 20L spherical explosive device, we analyzed the change characteristics of hydrogen explosion pressure parameter, explosion time parameter and explosion limit before and after the addition of hydrogen fuel cell catalysts, and investigated the influence law of the three catalysts on the combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen. The results show that the Pt/Al₂O₃, Ru/Al₂O₃ and Ni/Cr catalysts can promote the maximum explosion pressure rise rate, shorten the combustion time and rapid detonation time of hydrogen to a certain extent, compared with those without catalysts. Among them, the promotion effect of Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst on hydrogen explosion was more obvious compared with that of Ru/Al₂O₃ catalyst and Ni/Cr catalyst. With the increase of the three hydrogen fuel cell catalyst additive amount, the maximum explosion pressure rise rate of hydrogen first increased and then decreased, the explosion time, the rapid combustion time first shortened and then increased; in the additive amount of 500-800mg, the maximum explosion pressure rise rate of hydrogen reaches the maximum, the explosion time, the rapid combustion time is the smallest; compared with the unadded catalyst, the promotion of the effect of the explosion of hydrogen is still relatively obvious.

At the same time, the initial hydrogen flame propagation image was obtained by a high-speed camera, and the flame front data were recognized and extracted by the edge detection technique of the “Canny” algorithm, and the hydrogen flame propagation speed was calculated, which revealed the influence of hydrogen fuel cell catalysts on the hydrogen flame propagation law. The results show that the three catalysts can accelerate the hydrogen flame radius change and increase the hydrogen flame propagation speed. With the increase of the three hydrogen fuel cell catalysts, Pt/Al₂O₃, Ru/Al₂O₃ and Ni/Cr, the time taken for the hydrogen flame to fill up the viewing window decreased and then increased, and the catalysts as a whole accelerated the change of the flame radius and improved the flame propagation speed.

Finally, the kinetic process of hydrogen reaction affected by Pt catalyst was systematically analyzed using the kinetic simulation software Chemkin, and the parameters such as the change of reaction components, the change of sensitivity coefficients and the reaction paths of the mixed system were obtained. The results showed that the rate of molar fraction consumption of hydrogen after the addition of Pt catalyst was more rapid than that without the addition of Pt catalyst, and from the sensitivity analysis, hydrogen adsorption has a strong positive sensitivity, and the surface reaction occurred after contacting with the Pt catalyst, in which the generation of a large number of reactive free radicals, H, O, and OH, was the main factor to promote the  hydrogen combustion.

In summary, the three catalysts will not change the gas-phase reaction path of hydrogen, but only to reduce the activation energy of the reaction, reduce the reaction barriers, increase the reaction rate, which can promote the rate of increase of the maximum explosion pressure of hydrogen, increase the flame propagation speed of hydrogen, and shorten the explosion time and rapid ignition time, so that the explosion risk of hydrogen is further improved.

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