由于印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞、挤压，导致青藏高原持续隆升，其隆升对区域乃至全球气候变化具有重要的影响，但是该区域地表传统观测数据覆盖率小、获取困难，导致我们对青藏高原地壳垂直形变速率分布的认识不足。GRACE（Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment）卫星为研究青藏高原垂直形变速率分布提供高精度、大覆盖率的数据。本文利用2003-2020年的GRACE数据计算青藏高原的时变重力场，利用冰川、湖泊、土壤水、剥蚀、冻土以及雪水数据计算水文变化产生的重力场，最后获取地壳垂直运动产生的重力变化；基于直立长方体模型反演了青藏高原的地壳垂直形变速率分布，并讨论了水文、地壳厚度和地形对其反演结果的影响。主要研究成果如下：

（1）在假设GRACE观测的信号主要由地壳垂直运动、水文因素构成的前提下，采用GRACE数据进行P4M6与高斯滤波组合滤波、扣除GIA效应、信号恢复等处理获得重力变化速率分布。扣除冰川、湖泊、土壤水、剥蚀、冻土以及雪水的重力效应，得到地壳垂直运动引起重力变化的空间分布。结果表明：青藏高原的北部、四川盆地以及天山区域附近表现为正重力变化，其量值约为0.00~0.15μGal/a；在青藏高原的南部、塔里木盆地以及华北板块表现为负重力变化，其量值约为-0.40~0.90μGal/a；其他区域的重力变化相对较小，其量值约为-0.20~0.00μGal/a。

（2）在假设地壳垂直形变包括地表抬升（沉降）和莫霍面抬升（沉降）的前提下，我们构建地壳垂直运动引起的重力场变化模型。首先将青藏高原区域（65°E-110°E，20°N-45°N）按照1°× 1°空间分辨率划分成744个地块单元，考虑地壳厚度、地形因素反演了地壳垂直形变速率分布。结果表明：青藏高原整体在空间上呈现分布不均匀的特点，除了四川盆地、青藏高原北部、塔里木盆地西侧区域之外，几乎整个区域的垂直形变均表现为正。在青藏高原南部正的垂直形变现象最为明显，速率约为1.0mm/a；青藏高原东部的垂直形变速率约为0.4mm/a；塔里木盆地的北部与华北板块垂直形变速率约为0.5mm/a；在垂直形变为负的区域，四川盆地最为明显，速率约为-0.4mm/a，青藏高原北部垂直形变速率约为-0.1mm/a。位于祁连海原断裂与昆仑断裂之间的区域垂直形变很小，速率约为0.0mm/a。另外，我们发现本文的结果与地壳形变、逆冲型地震/断层、区域岩石圈活动等分布均有一致性。

（3）从水文、地壳厚度、地形三方面分析其对反演青藏高原地壳垂直形变速率场的影响。水文、地壳厚度以及地形因素不会改变青藏高原垂直形变速率的整体分布形态，仅在数值上存在差异，其中水文因素的数值差异最显著，其最大差异在西北部约为-0.4mm/a，在中部约为1.0mm/a。影响地壳垂直运动速率的水文、地壳厚度、地形因素中，水文因素最明显，地壳厚度次之，地形最小。影响水文重力变化的主要因素为冰川、湖泊、土壤水，共计占水文总比例约为79%。

Due to the collision and compression of the Indian and Eurasian plates, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau continues to uplift, and its uplift has important implications for regional and even global climate change, but the small coverage of traditional observations of the surface in this region and the difficulty of obtaining them have led to a lack of understanding of the distribution of vertical deformation rates in the crust of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The GRACE provides highly accurate and large coverage data for studying the vertical crustal deformation velocity distribution on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This paper uses GRACE data from 2003-2020 to calculate the time-varying gravity field of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Gravity fields from hydrological changes are calculated using glacier, lake, soil moisture, denudation, permafrost and snow water equivalent data, and finally the gravity signal of the vertical crustal movement are obtained. The vertical crustal deformation velocity distribution on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was inferred based on the upright rectangular model, and the effects of hydrology, crustal thickness and topography on its inversion results were discussed. The main research results are as follows:

(1) Under the assumption that the signal from GRACE observations is mainly composed of hydrological factors and vertical crustal movement, the GRACE data is used to obtain the gravity change rate distribution by combining P4M6 and Gaussian filtering, deducting GIA effects, and signal recovery. The gravity effects of glacier, lake, soil moisture, denudation, permafrost and snow water equivalent are deducted to obtain the spatial distribution of gravity change relating to vertical crustal movement. The results show that the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Sichuan Basin and the vicinity of the Tianshan region exhibit positive gravity variations with values ranging from ~0.00 to 0.15 μGal/a; in the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Tarim Basin and the North China Plate, they exhibit negative gravity variations with values ranging from ~-0.40 to 0.90 μGal/a; in other regions, the gravity variations are relatively small, with values of ~-0.20 to 0.00 μGal/a. 

(2) Under the assumption that the vertical deformation of the crust includes surface uplift (subsidence) and Moho surface uplift (subsidence), we construct a model for the change of gravitational field caused by the vertical motion of the crust. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region (65°E-110°E, 20°N-45°N) was first divided into 744 upright cuboids at a spatial resolution of 1°× 1°, and the vertical crustal deformation velocity distribution was inferred by taking into account the crustal thickness and topography. The results show that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a whole is spatially unevenly distributed, with positive vertical deformation in almost the entire region except for the Sichuan Basin, the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the western part of the Tarim Basin. The positive vertical deformation is most pronounced in the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with a rate of ~1.0 mm/a; in the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, the rate of vertical deformation is ~0.4 mm/a; in the northern part of the Tarim Basin and the North China Plate, the rate of vertical deformation is ~0.5 mm/a; in the regions with negative vertical deformation, the Sichuan Basin is the most pronounced, with a rate of ~-0.4 mm/a, and in the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the rate of vertical deformation is ~-0.1 mm/a. The rate of vertical deformation in the area between the Qilian Haiyuan Fault and the Kunlun Fault is small, at ~0.0mm/a. In addition, we find that the results of this paper are consistent with the distribution of crustal deformation, thrust earthquakes/faults and regional lithospheric activity.

(3) The influence of hydrology, crustal thickness and topography on the inversion of the vertical deformation rate field of the Tibetan plateau is analyzed. Hydrology, crustal thickness and topographic factors do not change the overall distribution of the vertical deformation rate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but there are only numerical differences. The numerical differences of hydrology factors are the most significant, with the maximum difference of -0.4mm/a in the northwest and ~ 1.0mm /a in the middle. Among the hydrology, crustal thickness and topographic factors that affect the vertical crustal movement rate, hydrology is the most obvious, crustal thickness is the second, and topographic is the least. The main factors influencing gravity changes in hydrology are glaciers, lakes and soil moisture, which together account for ~79% of the total hydrology.

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