我国金融业自从全面对外开放后，竞争愈加激烈。而银行业处于国民经济的中枢环节，是十分重要的产业部门，它的繁荣与稳定直接关系着我国经济整体运行的绩效与稳定。然而，我国银行业由于其自身在产生和发展过程中带有一定的特殊性，故一直存在着高垄断和低绩效并行的问题，这一点在很大程度上影响了我国银行业的整体实力。在现代金融体系中，商业银行作为其中的重要组成部分，对一国的国民经济有着举足轻重的作用。自我国金融改革以来，尤其是加入WTO之后，我国商业银行整体格局发生了巨大改变，正在由国有银行寡头垄断的市场格局逐步向以国有商业银行为主，现代股份制商业银行、城市商业银行、邮政储蓄银行、农村信用合作社和外资银行分支机构并存的多元化市场格局转变。在此环境下，准确把握市场走向，进行适度的银行业改革已是势在必行。 本文从我国银行业的市场结构客观现实入手，首先在第一章绪论部分介绍了文章的选题背景和研究意义；紧接着在第二章介绍了银行业市场概述及相关理论，从第三章开始，综合市场份额、市场集中度、进入壁垒、退出壁垒这几项影响市场结构的主要因素对我国银行业目前的市场结构进行了指标测度和现状分析，并对我国银行业市场结构做出了判断和预测。紧接着第四章在此基础上对银行业市场结构的有效性进行了分析，采用随机前沿参数分析法（SFA），对我国14家商业银行的利润效率进行了测算和分类比较分析，得出目前银行业市场结构有效性不足的结论，并进行了原因分析。最后在第五章提出改善我国银行业市场结构的对策，针对改善集中度、进入壁垒和退出壁垒这三个方面对我国市场结构整体改革的对策提出了自己的意见，并在第六章对全文做出了总结，提出了未来研究方向的展望。

Since the comprehensive opening-up，China's financial sector have more competitive action. And the banking industry in the central link of the national economy is a very important industrial sector，its prosperity and stability is directly related to the overall operation of China's economic performance and stability. However，China's banking industry due to its own generation and development process with a certain degree of particularity，it has been the existence of high monopoly and low-performance parallel，which is largely affected the overall strength of China's banking industry. Therefore，the financial reform is imperative. With the continuous deepening of financial reform，and further established the important position of the financial sector in the national economy. In the modern financial system，commercial bank as one of the important part of the national economy of a country plays an important role. Since the financial reform in China，especially after China's accession to the WTO in 2001，China's commercial banks as a whole pattern of a huge change，is oligopolistic monopoly by state-owned banks in the market gradually to the main state-owned commercial banks，joint-stock commercial banks，urban commercial banks，postal savings banks，rural credit cooperatives and foreign banks branches of the coexistence of diversified market structure change. Start from the objective reality of the market structure of China's banking industry，First part in the first chapter introduces the research background and significance of the article； followed in the second chapter describes the banking market overview and theory，from the beginning of the third chapter，combined market share，market concentration，barriers to entry and exit barriers to these main factors affect the market structure indicators measure and analysis of the current market structure of China's banking industry，and China's banking market structure to make a judgment and forecast. Followed by Chapter IV On this basis，the effectiveness of the banking market structure analysis，using the stochastic frontier parameter analysis （SFA），was calculated on the profits of China's 14 commercial banks efficiency and classification analysis obtained the conclusion of the effectiveness of the banking market structure，and analysis of the reasons. Finally，Chapter 5，to improve the countermeasures of China's banking market structure，improve concentration，barriers to entry and exit barriers to these three aspects of the overall reformo f China's market structure countermeasures put forward their own views，and in Chapter made a summary of the outlook of the future research direction.