民族要复兴，乡村必振兴。乡村治理作为我国治理工作的最后一公里，又是乡村振兴的重要环节，治理效果的好坏直接影响到乡村振兴的实践是否可以顺利进行。马克思的著作《法兰西内战》具有丰富的治理思想，是马克思主义治理思想的理论宝库。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，我国乡村治理的重要性凸显，党和国家的重视程度也提到了前所未有的高度。研究《法兰西内战》中的治理思想，发挥马克思治理思想对当前我国乡村治理的指导作用，对于提升我国乡村治理能力和治理水平，加快我国治理体系和治理能力现代化，推进乡村振兴战略的实施，具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。
本文立足于马克思主义发展史，首先论述了《法兰西内战》治理思想的产生背景。就思想背景来讲，马克思开始重新审视国家和市民社会的关系，并开始重视人民的作用；就实践背景来讲，法国人民长期受到压迫，奋起反抗，最终建立了第一个无产阶级政权。接下来展开叙述《法兰西内战》治理思想的主要内容。主要总结了实现民主治理的前提、确立治理的主体、保障治理的监督、提升治理的效果四个方面的内容，全面涵盖了《法兰西内战》文本中有关治理思想的内容。其次分析我国乡村治理的发展演进逻辑，从历史发展阶段、理论逻辑和新时代乡村治理新实践三个方面，体现出我国乡村治理理论对马克思治理理论的一脉相承。再次对照第二部分《法兰西内战》治理思想的主要内容及其逻辑，分析现阶段我国乡村治理存在的问题及原因。分别从治理主体、民主选举与监督、基层政府、乡村文化四个方面找出问题并挖掘原因。最后论述《法兰西内战》治理思想对我国乡村治理的启示。一是要坚持人民民主至上的治理理念，保障人民群众的治理主体地位；二是构建多种治理方式相结合的治理体系，维护人民群众的民主权利；三是提升服务型政府的治理能力，做好人民公仆；四是培育适应新时代发展要求的乡村治理文化，提高人民群众的思想认识，助力乡村治理。
依据对《法兰西内战》治理思想的解读，结合我国乡村治理发展和现实情况，针对性地提出乡村治理方案，助力我国乡村更好更快发展。

If the nation wants to be rejuvenated, the countryside must be revitalized. As the last kilometer of China's governance work, rural governance is also an important link in rural revitalization, and the quality of governance directly affects whether the practice of rural revitalization can be carried out smoothly. Marx's work "The Civil War in France" is rich in governance ideas and is a theoretical treasure house of Marxist governance ideas. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, the importance of rural governance in China has been highlighted and the importance attached by the Party and the State has been raised to an unprecedented level. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the governance ideas in The Civil War in France and to bring into play the guiding role of Marx's governance ideas on the current governance of China's countryside, in order to improve the capacity and level of governance of China's countryside, accelerate the modernization of China's governance system and governance capacity, and promote the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.
This article is based on the history of the development of Marxism, this paper first discusses the background of the idea of governance in the French Civil War. In terms of the ideological background, Marx began to re-examine the relationship between the state and civil society and began to attach importance to the role of the people; in terms of the practical background, the French people, having been oppressed for a long time, rose up in revolt and finally established the first proletarian regime. The next section describes the main elements of the idea of governance in the French Civil War. It mainly summarizes four aspects, namely, the premise of democratic governance, the establishment of the subject of governance, the guarantee of supervision of governance, and the enhancement of the effect of governance, which comprehensively covers the content of governance ideas in the text of the Civil War of France. Secondly, it analyzes the development and evolution logic of China's rural governance, reflecting the consistency of China's rural governance theory with Marx's governance theory
from three aspects: historical development stage, theoretical logic and new practice of rural governance in the new era. Again, against the main contents of the second part of the governance thought of the French Civil War and its logic, the problems and reasons of rural governance in China at the present stage are analyzed. The problems are identified and the causes are explored from four aspects: governance subjects, democratic election and supervision, grassroots government, and village culture. Finally, it discusses the inspiration of the governance idea of "Civil War in France" to China's rural governance. First, we should adhere to the governance concept of the supremacy of people's democracy and guarantee the people's status as the main body of governance; second, we should build a governance system combining various governance methods and safeguard the people's democratic rights; third, we should improve the governance ability of service-oriented government and be a good servant of the people; fourth, we should cultivate a rural governance culture that adapts to the development requirements of the new era and improve the people's ideological awareness to help rural governance.
Based on the interpretation of the governance ideas of the Civil War of France, we propose a targeted rural governance program, taking into account the development and reality of rural governance in China, to help our countryside develop better and faster.

A.文献典籍:

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B.期刊论文:

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C.报纸文件:

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D.学位论文:

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[48]谢莉娜.《法兰西内战》中人民主体思想研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2021.

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