事故灾害发生后，应急救援系统的快速展开及响应，显得尤为重要。应急管理部的组建标志着我国应急救援体系建设进入了新的阶段，但现有应急救援装备种类多、自成系统，无法做到统一指挥调度，难以支撑灾后复杂恶劣环境下应急救援工作的高效开展。因此，针对灾后应急救援通信保障需求，研究一套基于软交换技术的融合应急通信系统具有现实意义。

本文通过对软交换技术实现原理加以研究，结合现阶段对应急救援提出的救援通信可视化、信息传输网络化、指挥调度统一化等需求进行分析，明确了系统需要承载的业务类型。结合现实应急救援场景，对融合应急通信系统网络拓扑结构进行划分，明确了系统要设计的核心实体为应用服务器。遵循软交换开放的架构体系，设计开发支持宽窄带融合的应急通信系统。基于模块化设计思想，将系统分为通信模块、管理模块。通过SIP协议对通信模块承载的业务进行了详细设计，包括登录鉴权、单呼、组呼、会议通信等。基于前后端分离的思想，对管理模块进行设计实现。考虑到应急救援场景的复杂性，通过引入令牌桶算法，保证通信系统的高可靠性和稳定性。在此基础上，实现了对各个功能模块的开发。

测试结果表明，系统满足设计要求，实现了登录鉴权、单呼、组呼、会议通信等功能。通过抓包工具Wireshark对各个功能模块的信令交互流程进行抓取，分析可知各模块满足设计预期。使用SIPp工具对其进行性能测试，其中注册测试和通话测试其成功率在99%以上，平均呼叫接续时延在300ms以内。测试结果表明系统基本上实现了设计目标，满足了使用需求。

After the occurrence of accidents and disasters, the rapid deployment and response of the emergency rescue system is particularly important. The establishment of the Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China marks that the construction of  emergency rescue system in China has entered a new stage. However, the existing emergency rescue equipment has many kinds and its own system, which cannot achieve unified command and dispatch, and it is difficult to support the efficient development of emergency rescue work in the complex and harsh environment after disasters. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study a fusion emergency communication system based on soft switch technology in view of the demand of post-disaster emergency rescue communication.

In this paper, through the study of the implementation technology principle of soft switch, combined with the analysis of rescue communication visualization, information transmission network, unified command and dispatch and other requirements proposed for emergency rescue at the present stage, the business type that the system needs to carry is defined. Combined with the real emergency rescue scenario, the network topology of the fusion emergency communication system is divided into different levels, and the core entity to be designed for the system is the application server. Following the open architecture system of soft switch, the design and development of the emergency communication system supporting the fusion of wide and narrow bands. Based on the modular design idea, the system is divided into communication module and management module. The business carried by the communication module is designed in detail through SIP protocol, including login authentication, single call, group call, meeting communication and so on. Based on the idea of front and rear end separation, the management module is designed and implemented. Considering the complexity of emergency rescue scenarios, the token bucket algorithm is introduced to ensure the high reliability and stability of the communication system. On this basis, the design and development of each functional module are realized.

The test results show that the system meets the design requirements and realizes the functions of login authentication, single call, group call, conference communication and so on. The packet capture tool Wireshark was used to capture the signaling interaction process of each functional module, and the analysis showed that each module met the design expectation. The SIPp tool was used to test its performance, and the success rate of registration test and call test was more than 99%, and the average call connection delay was less than 300ms. The test results show that the system basically achieves the design goal and meets the use demand.

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