在现有煤矿巷道掘进过程中，采用的是一次完全支护，在掘进后，一次性将所有锚杆支护完全，使得支护工序耗时多，在掘进各工序中占据时间比重大，严重影响成巷速度。因为巷道掘进过程中存在时空效应，即掘进面约束空间效应和围岩蠕变时间效应，使得巷道围岩变形和荷载释放不是一次性完成，而是随着掘进面推进逐步释放，所以本文依据掘进过程围岩荷载逐步释放的特点，提出巷道锚杆（索）分次支护的思想，通过改变支护环节、方式，提高巷道的掘进速度。研究主要结论如下：

（1）分析影响煤矿巷道掘进速度的因素，主要从地质条件、巷道掘进装备、施工组织管理和掘进与支护关系等四个方面进行分析，论述了各因素的主要特征，并通过现场调研分析掘进各环节时间占比，得出支护是占用时间最长的工序，所以通过改变支护环节、方式，提高巷道的掘进速度。

（2）由于巷道掘进时空效应的影响，围岩变形和荷载随掘进面推进逐步释放，而现有的巷道支护设计均采用一次性完全支护技术，忽略了掘进过程中的时空效应，未充分考虑巷道围岩的变形特性和荷载释放特性，使得锚杆（索）支护时间过长，严重影响巷道的掘进效率。本文分析总结了影响巷道围岩变形和荷载释放的掘进面约束空间效应和围岩蠕变时间效应，根据掘进过程中围岩荷载释放规律，将一次性完全支护改为分次支护，提高巷道掘进速度。因为围岩荷载大小与围岩变形一一对应，通过围岩变形可以反算释放荷载大小，因此给出掘进巷道围岩变形监测方法，围岩荷载释放规律求解方法，分次支护参数和支护方案设计方法。

（3）建立掘进巷道力学模型，推导出随掘进面的推进，围岩变形与释放荷载之间的关系，根据现场围岩变形监测数据，可反算围岩荷载释放规律，以此为基础进行支护方案设计。通过算例分析，在靠近掘进面附近处，围岩荷载释放较小，支护少数量锚杆就可以保证掘进空间稳定，剩余锚杆在不影响掘进的情况下支护，以减少在掘进过程中锚杆（索）的支护时间，达到提高掘进速度的目的。

（4）基于柠条塔N1214辅运掘进巷道，利用分次支护的思想进行支护设计，形成一套分次支护施工方案。通过现场监测，将分次支护方案与原有支护方案进行对比，分次支护方案既能维护巷道稳定，又能减少支护时间，提高巷道掘进速度。通过研究分次支护设计，可以为掘进巷道支护提供理论指导，研究成果具有理论意义和工程价值。

In the existing coal mine tunnel excavation process, a complete support is adopted. After tunneling, all the supports are completely protected, which makes the support tired. The time required for each excavation in the tunneling is significant. The serious reason is that the tunnel There are time and space effects in the driving process, namely, the time effect of the bounding of the driving face and the change of the surrounding rock. The deformation of surrounding rock and load release in the roadway is not completed at one time, but gradually released with the advancement of the excavation surface. Therefore, according to the characteristics of surrounding rock load gradual release in the tunneling process, the idea of roadway anchor rod is put forward, and the driving speed of the roadway is improved by changing the support link and method.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:

(1) Analyze the factors that affect the speed of tunneling in coal mines, mainly from the four aspects of geological conditions, tunneling equipment, construction organization and management, and unbalanced tunneling and support. The main characteristics of each factor are discussed, and various links of tunneling are analyzed through on-site investigations. As a percentage of time, it is concluded that support is the process that takes the longest time. Therefore, the speed of roadway excavation can be increased by changing the support links and methods.

(2) Due to the influence of time and space effects of roadway excavation, the surrounding rock deformation and load are gradually released as the driving face advances. The existing roadway support design adopts one-time full support technology, ignoring the time and space effects in the driving process, and does not fully consider the roadway. The deformation characteristics and load release characteristics of the surrounding rock make the bolt (cable) support time too long, which seriously affects the tunneling efficiency of the roadway. This paper analyzes and summarizes the space effect of the driving surface constraint and the time effect of the surrounding rock creep that affect the surrounding rock deformation and load release of the roadway. Speed of roadway excavation. Because of the one-to-one correspondence between the surrounding rock load and the surrounding rock deformation, the released load can be inversely calculated through the surrounding rock deformation. Therefore, a method for monitoring the surrounding rock deformation of the driving roadway, the method of solving the law of surrounding rock load release, and the supporting parameters and supports are given. Design method of protection scheme.

(3) Establish the mechanical model of the driving roadway and derive the relationship between the surrounding rock deformation and the released load as the driving face advances. According to the on-site surrounding rock deformation monitoring data, the surrounding rock load release law can be inversely calculated, and the support plan can be carried out based on this design. Through the analysis of calculation examples, the surrounding rock load release is small near the tunneling face, and a small number of anchors can ensure the stability of the tunneling space. The remaining anchors support without affecting the tunneling, so as to reduce the tunneling process. The supporting time of the middle anchor rod (cable) achieves the purpose of increasing the tunneling speed..

(4) Based on the N1214 auxiliary transport and excavation roadway of the Ningtiaota, the support design is carried out with the idea of graded support, and a set of graded support construction plan is formed. Through on-site monitoring, the graded support plan is compared with the original support plan. The graded support plan can not only maintain the stability of the roadway, but also reduce the support time and increase the speed of the roadway. Through the study of sub-support design, it can provide theoretical guidance for the support of driving roadway, and the research results have theoretical significance and engineering value.