大倾角厚及特厚煤层是难采煤层的主体煤层之一，其储量占全国大倾角煤层储量的45%，采用长壁综放开采时，采场空间煤岩运动剧烈致使空隙演化十分复杂，大倾角工作面不同区域煤岩与空隙分布特征有较强的差异，极易造成采空区漏风和遗煤自然发火，存在一定安全隐患。因此，深入研究大倾角特厚煤层综放采场煤岩运动与围岩空隙演化规律对现场安全高效生产具有重要的理论指导意义。

以甘肃靖远王家山煤矿大倾角长壁综放工作面为研究对象，采用煤岩力学测试、数值模拟分析、物理相似模拟实验以及现场实测相结合的研究方法，对大倾角特厚煤层综放采场煤岩运动与围岩空隙发育规律进行分析研究，研究内容与结论如下：

（1）研究了煤层倾角对采场不同层位煤岩应力演化规律的影响。工作面开采过程中煤岩应力沿走向呈非对称分布，工作面侧煤岩应力释放区范围与释放程度均大于开切眼侧。随着煤层倾角从35°增大至55°，煤岩应力释放区不断向倾斜上部迁移，直接顶应力集中区范围与应力集中程度不断减小，而二煤下端头处最大应力值先增大后减小，在煤层倾角为45°时达到最大。沿工作面倾向应力集中区域位于工作面上端头底板处及下端头顶板处，放煤导致工作面煤岩应力集中程度降低，降低幅度分别为4.95%、3.19%、3.11%、1.79%和0.36%。

（2）分析了大倾角综放采场煤岩空间破坏堆积特征。沿采场走向方向采空区呈“煤体—矸石—煤体”交替堆积形态，支架后方采空区充填程度大于开切眼侧采空区充填程度。沿采场倾斜方向采空区呈现出“上部空洞区大、中部大块体充满、下部小块体充实”的非均匀充填特征，倾斜下部高位顶板破断堆积呈拱形态。

（3）基于大倾角工作面的放煤特点，研究了倾角影响下采场煤岩三维运移破坏特征、不同区域空隙演化特征以及煤岩堆积规律。随着煤层倾角增大，采场倾斜下部区域充填程度逐步增加，采场破坏最大高度逐渐减小，煤层倾角45°时，采场倾斜上部破坏运移影响范围达到最大，表明采场倾斜上部破坏范围并未随倾角增大而单调增大。采场煤岩层裂隙发育随倾角增大沿倾向向上部迁移，倾斜上部裂隙发育高度不断增大，倾斜下部裂隙发育高度则不断降低。随着煤层倾角增大，工作面倾斜上部区域遗煤量逐渐减少，中下部遗煤量增多，在煤层倾角达到矸石自然安息角时尤为显著。

（4）分析了大倾角综放工作面采空区自燃“三带”与采场顶板运移和空隙分布特征的关系。结合工作面不同区域裂隙发育特征、遗煤与空隙率分布特征以及工作面氧气浓度分布规律，揭示了综放采空区自燃危险区域及自然发火诱因，提出大倾角煤层采空区“上部注浆、中部注水、下部注氮”的分区防灭火防治技术，保证现场煤矿安全高效开采。

Thick and extra-thick coal seams with steeply dipping are the main coal seams of  difficult-to-mine coal seams, and their reserves account for 45 % of the reserves of steeply dipping coal seams in China. When long-wall fully-mechanized caving mining is adopted, the violent movement of coal and rock in the stope space makes the void evolution very complicated. There are strong differences in the distribution characteristics of coal and rock and voids in different areas of large dip angle working face, which can easily cause air leakage in gob and spontaneous combustion of residual coal, and there are certain safety hazards. Therefore, it is of great theoretical guiding significance for safe and efficient production to study the evolution law of coal rock movement and surrounding rock gap in fully mechanized caving face with steeply dipping and extra-thick coal seam.

Taking the longwall fully-mechanized caving face with steeply dipping in Wangjiashan Coal Mine of Jingyuan, Gansu Province as the research object, the coal-rock mechanics test, numerical simulation analysis, physical similarity simulation experiment and field measurement are combined to analyze and study the coal-rock movement and surrounding rock void development law of fully-mechanized caving face with steeply dipping and extra-thick coal seam. The research contents and conclusions are as follows :

(1) The influence of coal seam dip angle on the stress evolution law of coal and rock in different layers of stope is studied. During the mining process of the working face, the stress of coal and rock is asymmetrically distributed along the strike, and the range and degree of stress release area of coal and rock on the side of the working face are greater than those on the side of the open-off cut. As the dip angle of the coal seam increases from 35 ° to 55 °, the stress release zone of the coal rock continues to migrate to the upper part of the inclination, and the range of the direct roof stress concentration area and the degree of stress concentration continue to decrease, while the maximum stress value at the lower end of the 2 coal increases first and then decreases, reaching the maximum when the dip angle of the coal seam is 45 °. The stress concentration area along the tendency of the working face is located at the bottom plate of the upper end of the working face and the top plate of the lower end. The stress concentration of coal and rock in the working face is reduced by 4.95 %, 3.19 %, 3.11 %, 1.79 % and 0.36 % respectively.

(2) The spatial failure accumulation characteristics of coal rock in fully mechanized caving face with steeply dipping are analyzed. Along the strike direction of the stope, the gob is in the form of ' coal-gangue-coal ' alternating accumulation, and the filling degree of the gob behind the support is greater than that of the gob on the open-off cut side. Along the dip direction of the stope, the gob presents the non-uniform filling characteristics of ' more empty areas in the upper part, full of large blocks in the middle and full of small blocks in the lower part ', and the broken accumulation of the high roof in the inclined lower part presents an arch shape.

(3) Based on the characteristics of coal caving in the working face with steeply dipping, the three-dimensional migration and failure characteristics of coal and rock in the stope under the influence of dip angle, the evolution characteristics of voids in different regions and the accumulation law of coal and rock are studied. With the increase of the dip angle of the coal seam, the filling degree of the lower part of the inclined stope increases gradually, and the maximum height of the stope damage decreases gradually. When the dip angle of the coal seam is 45 °, the influence range of the upper part of the inclined stope reaches the maximum, indicating that the upper part of the inclined stope does not increase monotonously with the increase of the dip angle. With the increase of dip angle, the fracture development of coal and rock strata in the stope migrates to the upper part along the dip direction, and the development height of the upper fracture increases continuously, while the development height of the lower fracture decreases continuously. With the increase of coal seam dip angle, the amount of residual coal in the upper part of the inclined working face gradually decreases, and the amount of residual coal in the middle and lower part increases, especially when the coal seam dip angle reaches the natural angle of repose of gangue.

(4) The relationship between the spontaneous combustion ' three zones ' in the gob of the fully mechanized caving face with steeply dipping and the roof migration and void distribution characteristics of the stope is analyzed. Combined with the characteristics of fracture development in different regions of the working face, the distribution characteristics of residual coal and porosity, and the distribution law of oxygen concentration in the working face, the spontaneous combustion dangerous area and the cause of spontaneous combustion in the fully mechanized caving gob are revealed, and the fire prevention and control technology of ' upper grouting, middle water injection and lower nitrogen injection ' in the gob of steeply dipping coal seam is put forward to ensure the safe and efficient mining of the coal mine.

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