在“双碳”目标大背景下，煤炭行业积极推进向高质量发展行业转型，对作业过程的安全性、舒适性和环保性提出了越来越高的要求，井下作业场所存在的严重职业危害已成为煤矿安全面临的又一挑战。肌肉骨骼劳损作为一种常被管理者忽视的矿工高发职业性疾病，造成的后果往往更加严重，给个体乃至社会都带来巨大负担，严重制约了“健康中国”发展。综掘工作面手工操作作业多、劳动负荷大，已成为煤矿肌肉骨骼劳损高发场所之一。目前，国内相关领域对综掘工作面矿工肌肉骨骼劳损的研究主要集中于发生情况、影响因素等方面，对评价方法的研究较少。因此，深入研究综掘工作面矿工肌肉骨骼劳损诱发机理，建立风险评价方法，对煤矿职业健康安全管理具有重要意义。

研究采用理论分析、现场调研、回归分析、数值模拟、室内实验和现场应用的方法展开，通过收集陕北 7 家煤矿综掘工作面矿工肌肉骨骼劳损相关数据，综合探索综掘工作面矿工肌肉骨骼劳损诱发机制，得到肌骨劳损发生模式为“颈-肩-上背-腰背-上臂-前臂-手及腕”劳损模式，影响因素为年龄段、工龄段、搬/提举作业等 14个因素；在此基础上，建立综掘工作面矿工肌肉骨骼劳损风险评价指标体系，运用决策实验室-网络层次分析法(DEMATEL-ANP)求得指标权值，以快速上肢评价法(RULA)为风险评价方法建立基础模型，增加主要评价指标弓步蹲姿、蹲/半蹲姿、搬/提举作业、搬运作业和次要评价指标工龄、年龄、噪声、湿度，并应用 JACK 仿真模拟法、室内实验法结合国家标准给出各新增指标评级准则，共同构建综掘工作面矿工肌肉骨骼劳损风险评价方法(RULA-HF)；利用信效度检验证实 RULA-HF 法具有良好可靠性和有效性，同时通过多种方法比较检验，说明 RULA-HF 法在评价综掘工作面矿工肌肉骨骼劳损风险时最优。经在陕煤集团 X 煤矿的现场应用，对该矿综掘工作面矿工肌肉骨骼劳损风险进行量化评价，得出高风险工种为帮部支护工（Ⅳ级风险）、顶部支护工（Ⅳ级风险）、运料工（Ⅲ级风险）和清煤工（Ⅲ级风险），针对上述 4 类高风险工种，从作业姿势、作业流程和管理层三方面提出综合防治措施，有效减轻了综掘工作面矿工肌肉骨骼劳损风险值，降低了肌肉骨骼劳损发生率。

研究成果为综掘工作面矿工肌肉骨骼劳损伤害提供了一种风险评价方法，评价结果可为煤矿推进肌肉骨骼劳损防治工作提供理论与技术指导，改善煤矿职业危害现状，提高企业职工健康水平。

In the context of the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals", the coal industry is actively promoting the transformation to the high-quality development industry, which has put forward higher and higher requirements for the safety, comfort and environmental protection of the operation process, and the serious occupational hazards in underground workplaces have become another challenge for coal mine safety. Musculoskeletal strain injury, as a kind of occupational disease that is often ignored by managers, often causes more serious consequences, bringing a huge burden to individuals and even society, and seriously restricting the development of "Healthy China". The high number of manual operations and heavy labor load at the fully mechanized heading face have made it one of the places with high incidence of musculoskeletal strain injuries in coal mines. At present, the research on musculoskeletal strain injury of miners at the heading face in China mainly focuses on the occurrence and influencing factors, but there is less research on the evaluation methods. Therefore, an in-depth study on the mechanism of musculoskeletal strain injury induced by miners at the fully mechanized heading face and the establishment of risk evaluation methods are of great significance for the occupational health and safety management of coal mines.

The study was conducted by using theoretical analysis, field research, regression analysis, numerical simulation, laboratory test and field application methods. On this basis, the risk evaluation index system of musculoskeletal strain injury for miners at the fully mechanized heading face was established, and the index weights were obtained by using the DEMATEL-ANP, and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment was used as the risk evaluation method. The evaluation method is based on the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, which adds the main evaluation indexes of bow squatting, squatting/semi-squatting, lifting work, handling work and the secondary evaluation indexes of working age, seniority, noise and humidity, and applies the JACK simulation and laboratory test method to give the rating guidelines of each new index in combination with the national standards, and jointly constructs the risk evaluation method of musculoskeletal strain injury of miners at the fully mechanized heading face (RULA-HF); The reliability and validity of the RULA-HF were confirmed by the reliability test, and the comparative test of various methods showed that the RULA-HF was optimal in evaluating the risk of musculoskeletal strain injury of miners at the fully mechanized heading face. After the field application in X coal mine of Shaanxi Coal Group, the risk of musculoskeletal strain injury of miners at the fully mechanized heading face of the mine was quantitatively evaluated, and the high-risk work types were Bolt supporter (level IV risk), roof supporter (level IV risk), material carrier (level III risk) and coal clean worker (level III risk), and comprehensive prevention and control measures were proposed for the above four high-risk work types in terms of work posture, work flow and management, which effectively reduced the risk of musculoskeletal strain injury of miners at fully mechanized heading face. The study has effectively reduced the risk value and incidence of musculoskeletal strain injury among miners at the fully mechanized heading face.

The results of the study provide a risk evaluation method for musculoskeletal strain injuries of miners in the fully mechanized heading face, and the evaluation results can provide theoretical and technical guidance for coal mines to promote the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal strain injuries, improve the current situation of occupational hazards in coal mines, and enhance the health level of workers in enterprises.

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