变电站接地网是用于工作接地、防雷接地和保护接地的重要设施，是维护电力系统安全运行的重要环节。接地网的接地体常年埋于地下，其腐蚀的隐蔽性和不易检测性使电力系统存在潜在不安全隐患。在众多防腐措施中，阴极保护是一种有效的保护方式。本文针对接地网阴极保护数学模型及辅助阳极优化展开以下研究： 首先，建立接地网阴极保护数学模型。结合接地网阴极保护体系的特点，提出了合理的假设条件，得出腐蚀场中电位应满足的描述方程及边界条件；分析和比较各种求解有限元求解法，采用数值方法求解模型。 其次，建立接地网辅助阳极与接地网电位分布工况的模型。本文搭建电位测量试验台，分别按照口字形、X形、□×形、米字形以及蛇形安装辅助阳极，研究了阳极的各种安装方式与接地网表面电位的关系，得出各种安装方式的阴极、阳极的最佳接入点；采用阴极保护数学模型探究了接地网面积和辅助阳极位置、电压、数量等参数与接地网电位和电流密度均匀分布的关系；提出了一种基于向量相似度与支持向量回归机（S-SVR）的综合预测方法应用于与接地网表面电位分布工况模型中。 然后，设计辅助阳极优化方案。以电位和电流分布的数值计算为基础，借助ANSOFT、MATLAB等软件包，在上述建立的辅助阳极与接地网表面电位分布模型数学模型的基础上，将保护电位均匀分布为优化目标，建立辅助阳极优化方案；选用经典遗传算法求解，得出了已知规格的接地网的最佳保护方案。 最后，模拟接地网阴极保护的实验效果与分析工程实例。搭建实验平台验证阴极保护体系的可靠性；在渭南某两变电站验证工程中的实际保护情况。结果表明，本文所设计的阴极保护模型与辅助阳极优化为接地网设计、日常维护和管理提供理论参考及设计指导。

The substation grounding grids is an important equipment in ground working, lightning and protecting , it is also an important part to maintain the safe operation of the power system. The grounding body is always buried in the ground, its subterranean and uneasy to detect of corrosion make hidden danger of power system. Cathode protection is an effective way among so many antiseptic measures to protect grounding grid. This paper will research the grounding grid anode cathode protection mathematics model and optimization as follow: First of all, establish the cathode protection mathematics model. Combined with the characteristics of grounding grids in cathode protection system, put forward reasonable assumptions, the equations describing the corrosion potential in the field should be satisfied and the boundary conditions; method grid potential distribution analytic solution and numerical solution were compared and analyzed, and the finite element numerical method for solving the model. Secondly, establish the auxiliary anode and the potential distribution of grounding system performance model. Through the experimental platform, in accordance with the mouth shape, X shape,□× shape, rice shaped and snake laying auxiliary anode, studied the relationship between the anode and the way of laying grounding surface, drew all kinds of installation of the cathode, anode the best access points, cathode protection mathematics model is adopted to explore the ground area and auxiliary anode parameters such as position, voltage, number of potential and current density distribution and ground grounding grids relationship; presents a regression based on vector similarity and support vector machine (S-SVR) integrated forecast method is applied to the surface potential distribution condition and the grounding grid model. Then, design the auxiliary anode optimization scheme. Based on the numerical calculation of the potential and current distribution, using ANSOFT and MATLAB software package, after establishing auxiliary anode and the grounding surface potential distribution mathematical model, put the uniform distribution of the protection potential as the optimization objective, building the auxiliary anode optimization; through genetic algorithm; the best protection of grounding grid scheme with known specifications was worked out. Finally, analysis the grounding system of cathode protection effect of simulation experiment and engineering example. The experiment platform is set up to verify the cathode protection system; Verified actual protection engineering in two transformer substations of WeiNan. The results show that the design of the auxiliary anode cathode protection model and optimization provide a theoretical reference for the design of guidance and daily maintenance and management of the grounding grid design.